Grint Nicola J, Murison Pamela J
Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Vet Anaesth Analg. 2008 Mar;35(2):113-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2007.00362.x. Epub 2008 Jan 4.
To compare ketamine-midazolam (KMZ) and ketamine-medetomidine (KMT) anaesthesia in rabbits using anaesthetic induction, maintenance and recovery data.
Randomized, prospective, blinded clinical trial.
Fifty rabbits (25 male, 25 female) of different breeds undergoing ovariohysterectomy or castration. Rabbits were 12.7 +/- 9.8 months old with body mass 2.24 +/- 0.61 kg.
Randomized, prospective, blinded clinical trial.
Ketamine (15 mg kg(-1)) and midazolam (3 mg kg(-1)) or medetomidine (0.25 mg kg(-1)) were administered by intramuscular (IM) injection. Ten minutes after IM injection, blind intubation of the trachea was attempted. The time taken, the number of attempts and a subjective score of the ease of intubation were recorded. Isoflurane (range 0-3.6%) in 100% oxygen was delivered via a Jackson Rees modification of an Ayre's T-piece non-rebreathing system. Carprofen (3 mg kg(-1)) and dextrose saline (5 mL kg(-1) hour(-1)) were administered intravenously (IV). During surgery heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) and arterial oxygen saturation of haemoglobin (SpO(2)) were monitored. Times to extubation and first head lift were recorded. Group KMT received atipamezole (0.5 mg kg(-1)) IM 30 minutes after discontinuation of isoflurane. Activity was scored at 30, 60 and 120 minutes after volatile agent discontinuation. Mean time to loss of righting reflex (LRR), body mass, RR and vaporizer setting were compared using a two-tailed t-test. Median values for all other data were compared using a Mann-Whitney test.
Mean time to LRR (+/-SD) was significantly shorter with KMT (1.64 +/- 0.55 minutes) compared with KMZ (2.28 +/- 0.66 minutes). Intubation was not possible in seven rabbits (three with KMT, four with KMZ) and three with KMT developed laryngospasm. Mean HR, SpO(2) and vaporizer settings were all significantly lower in group KMT.
KMT has a faster onset of action and a greater isoflurane-sparing effect when compared with KMZ. Rabbits with KMT were more prone to laryngospasm and had significantly lower HR.
利用麻醉诱导、维持及恢复数据，比较氯胺酮-咪达唑仑（KMZ）和氯胺酮-美托咪定（KMT）对兔的麻醉效果。
随机、前瞻性、盲法临床试验。
50只不同品种的兔（25只雄性，25只雌性），接受卵巢子宫切除术或去势手术。兔的年龄为12.7±9.8个月，体重为2.24±0.61千克。
随机、前瞻性、盲法临床试验。
通过肌肉注射给予氯胺酮（15毫克/千克）和咪达唑仑（3毫克/千克）或美托咪定（0.25毫克/千克）。肌肉注射10分钟后，尝试对气管进行盲插。记录插管所需时间、尝试次数以及插管难易程度的主观评分。通过改良的Ayre氏T形管非再呼吸系统的Jackson Rees装置，以100%氧气输送异氟烷（浓度范围0 - 3.6%）。静脉注射卡洛芬（3毫克/千克）和葡萄糖盐水（5毫升/千克·小时）。手术过程中监测心率（HR）、呼吸频率（RR）和动脉血氧饱和度（SpO₂）。记录拔管时间和首次抬头时间。KMT组在停用异氟烷30分钟后肌肉注射阿替美唑（0.5毫克/千克）。在停用挥发性麻醉剂后30、60和120分钟对活动情况进行评分。使用双侧t检验比较平均翻正反射消失时间（LRR）、体重、RR和蒸发器设置。使用Mann-Whitney检验比较所有其他数据的中位数。
与KMZ组（2.28±0.66分钟）相比，KMT组的平均LRR时间（±标准差）显著缩短（1.64±0.55分钟）。7只兔无法插管（3只KMT组，4只KMZ组），3只KMT组兔发生喉痉挛。KMT组的平均HR、SpO₂和蒸发器设置均显著更低。
与KMZ相比，KMT起效更快，异氟烷节省效应更强。使用KMT的兔更易发生喉痉挛，且HR显著更低。
