Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Neuroscientist. 2012 Oct;18(5):516-32. doi: 10.1177/1073858411415113. Epub 2011 Aug 10.
Why do memory abilities vary so greatly across individuals and cognitive domains? Although memory functions are highly heritable, what exactly is being genetically transmitted? Here we review evidence for the contribution of both common and partially independent inheritance of distinct aspects of memory function. We begin by discussing the assessment of long-term memory and its underlying neural and molecular basis. We then consider evidence for both specialist and generalist genes underlying individual variability in memory, indicating that carving memory into distinct subcomponents may yield important information regarding its genetic architecture. And finally we review evidence from both complex and single-gene disorders, which provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the genetic basis of human memory function.
为什么记忆能力在个体和认知领域之间存在如此大的差异？尽管记忆功能具有高度遗传性，但具体遗传的是什么？在这里，我们回顾了记忆功能的不同方面的常见和部分独立遗传的证据。我们首先讨论了长期记忆的评估及其潜在的神经和分子基础。然后，我们考虑了记忆个体差异背后的专家和通才基因的证据，这表明将记忆划分为不同的子成分可能会提供有关其遗传结构的重要信息。最后，我们回顾了复杂和单基因疾病的证据，这些证据为人类记忆功能遗传基础的分子机制提供了深入的了解。
