Panizzon Matthew S, Neale Michael C, Docherty Anna R, Franz Carol E, Jacobson Kristen C, Toomey Rosemary, Xian Hong, Vasilopoulos Terrie, Rana Brinda K, McKenzie Ruth, Lyons Michael J, Kremen William S
Department of Psychiatry, Center for Behavioral Genomics, University of California, San Diego.
Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University.
Psychol Aging. 2015 Jun;30(2):286-300. doi: 10.1037/pag0000023. Epub 2015 May 4.
Episodic memory is a complex construct at both the phenotypic and genetic level. Ample evidence supports age-related cognitive stability and change being accounted for by general and domain-specific factors. We hypothesized that general and specific factors would underlie change even within this single cognitive domain. We examined 6 measures from 3 episodic memory tests in a narrow age cohort at middle and late middle age. The factor structure was invariant across occasions. At both timepoints 2 of 3 test-specific factors (story recall, design recall) had significant genetic influences independent of the general memory factor. Phenotypic stability was moderate to high, and primarily accounted for by genetic influences, except for 1 test-specific factor (list learning). Mean change over time was nonsignificant for 1 test-level factor; 1 declined; 1 improved. The results highlight the phenotypic and genetic complexity of memory and memory change, and shed light on an understudied period of life.
情景记忆在表型和基因层面都是一个复杂的结构。大量证据支持与年龄相关的认知稳定性和变化是由一般因素和特定领域因素所导致的。我们假设，即使在这个单一的认知领域内，一般因素和特定因素也会构成变化的基础。我们在中年和中老年的一个狭窄年龄队列中，对来自3项情景记忆测试的6项指标进行了研究。因素结构在不同场合是不变的。在两个时间点上，3个测试特定因素中的2个（故事回忆、设计回忆）具有独立于一般记忆因素的显著遗传影响。表型稳定性从中等到高度，主要由遗传影响所致，但有一个测试特定因素（列表学习）除外。1个测试水平因素随时间的平均变化不显著；1个下降；1个改善。这些结果突出了记忆及记忆变化在表型和基因方面的复杂性，并为一个研究较少的生命阶段提供了启示。
