Division of Biomedical Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
Dev Neurobiol. 2011 Nov;71(11):956-81. doi: 10.1002/dneu.20963.
Dendritic spines are dynamic structures that accommodate the majority of excitatory synapses in the brain and are influenced by extracellular signals from presynaptic neurons, glial cells, and the extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM surrounds dendritic spines and extends into the synaptic cleft, maintaining synapse integrity as well as mediating trans-synaptic communications between neurons. Several scaffolding proteins and glycans that compose the ECM form a lattice-like network, which serves as an attractive ground for various secreted glycoproteins, lectins, growth factors, and enzymes. ECM components can control dendritic spines through the interactions with their specific receptors or by influencing the functions of other synaptic proteins. In this review, we focus on ECM components and their receptors that regulate dendritic spine development and plasticity in the normal and diseased brain.
树突棘是大脑中容纳大多数兴奋性突触的动态结构，受来自突触前神经元、神经胶质细胞和细胞外基质（ECM）的细胞外信号的影响。ECM 环绕树突棘并延伸到突触间隙，维持突触的完整性，并介导神经元之间的突触间通讯。构成 ECM 的几种支架蛋白和聚糖形成晶格状网络，为各种分泌糖蛋白、凝集素、生长因子和酶提供了一个有吸引力的基础。ECM 成分可以通过与特定受体的相互作用或通过影响其他突触蛋白的功能来控制树突棘。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍 ECM 成分及其受体，它们调节正常和患病大脑中的树突棘发育和可塑性。
