Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Kagoshima, Japan.
J Atheroscler Thromb. 2011;18(11):981-90. doi: 10.5551/jat.9514. Epub 2011 Aug 11.
The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the lifestyles of adolescents and their parents on the levels of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in the adolescents.
A total of 755 volunteers (331 male, 424 female) aged 15 to 18 years were included. Abdominal obesity, hypertension, elevated triglyceride levels, decreased high density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, and hyperglycemia were considered to be CV risk factors. Self-reported lifestyle, including participation in school-based extracurricular (EC) physical activities, time spent on physical activity or watching television (TV), and average daily food intake were assessed. Parental information on weight status and lifestyle was also obtained.
Multivariate regression analyses showed that participation in EC physical activities, time spent watching TV, regular breakfast consumption, total energy intake, fiber intake per 1,000 Kcal, and parental BMI were independently associated with the levels of one or more CV risk factors in adolescents. Among these, participation in EC physical activities had a profound effect on adolescent CV risk factor levels. The risk of male adolescent obesity was associated with paternal obesity, but not with maternal obesity. Conversely, the risk of female adolescent obesity was associated with maternal obesity but not with paternal obesity.
Participation in EC physical activities may be the first-line approach for adolescents to maintain favorable CV risk factor levels. An association between paternal or maternal obesity and adolescent obesity differs between adolescent genders in Japan; thus, approaches focusing on parents should take the gender of the adolescent into consideration.
本研究旨在探讨青少年及其父母的生活方式对青少年心血管（CV）危险因素水平的影响。
共纳入 755 名 15 至 18 岁的志愿者（男 331 名，女 424 名）。将腹型肥胖、高血压、甘油三酯水平升高、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平降低和高血糖视为 CV 危险因素。评估了包括参加学校课外体育活动、体育活动或看电视时间以及平均每日食物摄入量在内的自我报告生活方式，还获取了父母关于体重状况和生活方式的信息。
多变量回归分析表明，参加课外体育活动、看电视时间、规律吃早餐、总能量摄入、每 1000 千卡纤维摄入量以及父母 BMI 与青少年一个或多个 CV 危险因素水平独立相关。其中，参加课外体育活动对青少年 CV 危险因素水平有深远影响。男性青少年肥胖的风险与父亲肥胖有关，与母亲肥胖无关。相反，女性青少年肥胖的风险与母亲肥胖有关，与父亲肥胖无关。
参加课外体育活动可能是青少年保持有利 CV 危险因素水平的首选方法。在日本，父亲或母亲肥胖与青少年肥胖之间存在关联，青少年的性别存在差异；因此，针对父母的方法应考虑青少年的性别。
