Schlenker Cody W, Thompson Mark E
Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
Top Curr Chem. 2012;312:175-212. doi: 10.1007/128_2011_219.
Over the last 10 years, significant interest in utilizing conjugated organic molecules for solid-state solar to electric conversion has produced rapid improvement in device efficiencies. Organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices are attractive for their compatibility with low-cost processing techniques and thin-film applicability to flexible and conformal applications. However, many of the processes that lead to power losses in these systems still remain poorly understood, posing a significant challenge for the future efficiency improvements required to make these devices an attractive solar technology. While semiconductor band models have been employed to describe OPV operation, a more appropriate molecular picture of the pertinent processes is beginning to emerge. This chapter presents mechanisms of OPV device operation, based on the bound molecular nature of the involved transient species. With the intention to underscore the importance of considering both thermodynamic and kinetic factors, recent progress in elucidating molecular characteristics that dictate photovoltage losses in heterojunction organic photovoltaics is also discussed.
在过去十年中，利用共轭有机分子进行固态太阳能到电能转换的研究引发了广泛关注，使得器件效率得到了快速提升。有机光伏（OPV）器件因其与低成本加工技术的兼容性以及在柔性和适形应用中的薄膜适用性而备受青睐。然而，导致这些系统功率损耗的许多过程仍未得到充分理解，这对提高器件效率以使其成为有吸引力的太阳能技术所需的未来改进构成了重大挑战。虽然半导体能带模型已被用于描述OPV的运行，但相关过程更合适的分子图景正开始浮现。本章基于所涉及瞬态物种的束缚分子性质，介绍了OPV器件的运行机制。为了强调同时考虑热力学和动力学因素的重要性，还讨论了在阐明决定异质结有机光伏中光电压损失的分子特性方面的最新进展。
