Working to eliminate multiple pregnancies: a success story in Québec.

In August 2010, the provincial government of Québec, Canada introduced funding of assisted reproduction treatment through the provincial health programme. Alongside this benefit, legislation was introduced to control assisted reproduction treatment activities in the province, including restrictions on the number of embryos that could be transferred in any one cycle. The aim of the programme was to transfer a single embryo in every cycle; multiple embryos could be transferred under suboptimal conditions but required physician justification. In the first 3 months of this programme, 1353 cycles of IVF were performed in five Québec assisted reproduction centres, with an overall clinical pregnancy rate of 32% per embryo transfer and 50% of transfers used elective single-embryo transfer (eSET). The multiple-pregnancy rate was only 3.7% per clinical pregnancy. In 2009, prior to the introduction of the programme, eSET was used in only 1.6% of embryo transfers, resulting in a multiple-pregnancy rate of 25.6%. These data demonstrate that providing provincially funded assisted reproduction treatment created an environment in which the aggressive use of eSET was not only possible, but also rapidly implemented. The result was a dramatic drop in multiple-pregnancy rates, approaching those for natural pregnancies.