Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4400, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2012 Jan;102(1):149-62. doi: 10.1037/a0024949. Epub 2011 Aug 15.
Why are American landscapes (e.g., housing developments, shopping malls) so uniform, despite the well-known American penchant for independence and uniqueness? We propose that this paradox can be explained by American mobility: Residential mobility fosters familiarity-seeking and familiarity-liking, while allowing individuals to pursue their personal goals and desires. We reason that people are drawn to familiar objects (e.g., familiar, national chain stores) when they move. We conducted 5 studies to test this idea at the levels of society, individuals, and situations. We found that (a) national chain stores do better in residentially mobile places than in residentially stable places (controlling for other economic and demographic factors; Study 1); (b) individuals who have moved a lot prefer familiar, national chain stores to unfamiliar stores (Studies 2a and 2b); and (c) a residential mobility mindset enhances the mere exposure and familiarity-liking effect (Studies 4 and 5). In Study 5, we demonstrated that the link between mobility and familiarity-liking was mediated by anxiety evoked by mobility.
为什么美国的景观（例如住房开发项目、购物中心）如此统一，尽管众所周知美国人喜欢独立和独特？我们提出，这种悖论可以用美国人的流动性来解释：居住流动性促进了对熟悉的追求和喜好，同时允许个人追求自己的目标和愿望。我们推断，当人们搬家时，他们会被熟悉的物体（例如熟悉的全国性连锁店）所吸引。我们进行了 5 项研究，从社会、个人和情境层面检验了这一观点。我们发现：（a）全国性连锁店在居住流动性强的地方比在居住稳定性强的地方表现更好（控制其他经济和人口因素；研究 1）；（b）搬家较多的个体更喜欢熟悉的全国性连锁店，而不是不熟悉的商店（研究 2a 和 2b）；（c）居住流动性思维增强了单纯接触和熟悉喜好的效果（研究 4 和 5）。在研究 5 中，我们证明了流动性和熟悉喜好之间的联系是由流动性引起的焦虑所介导的。
