Department of Sociology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
Fertil Steril. 2011 Oct;96(4):877-9. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.07.1107. Epub 2011 Aug 16.
To assess the level of openness in U.S. gamete donation policies across fertility clinics, egg donation agencies, and sperm banks.
Primarily a content analysis of organizational materials (e.g., websites, brochures).
Not applicable.
PARTICIPANT(S): A total of 219 fertility clinics, 100 egg donation agencies, and 30 sperm banks.
INTERVENTION(S): Not applicable.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Use of donor photographs, anonymity between parties, cycle outcome disclosure, and postcycle contact.
RESULT(S): Agencies were more likely to provide donor photographs, have proactive policies to inform donors of the cycle outcome, and have nonanonymous options compared with sperm banks and clinics. Sperm banks were more likely to offer institutionalized donor identity-release programs.
CONCLUSION(S): Clinics, agencies, and sperm banks have different policies to address the level of openness between donors, recipients, and donor-conceived children. Although agencies generally offer more open arrangements, only a minority of organizations restricted all types of contact and communication between parties.
评估美国生育诊所、卵子捐赠机构和精子库的配子捐赠政策的开放程度。
主要对组织材料（如网站、宣传册）进行内容分析。
不适用。
共 219 家生育诊所、100 家卵子捐赠机构和 30 家精子库。
不适用。
使用供体照片、各方匿名、周期结果披露和周期后联系。
与精子库和诊所相比，机构更有可能提供供体照片，更积极地告知供体周期结果，并提供非匿名选择。精子库更有可能提供制度化的供体身份释放计划。
诊所、机构和精子库在供体、受体和供体所生孩子之间的开放程度方面有不同的政策。尽管机构通常提供更开放的安排，但只有少数组织限制各方之间的所有类型的联系和沟通。
