Department of Physiology and Biophysics, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
EMBO J. 2011 Aug 17;30(16):3215-6. doi: 10.1038/emboj.2011.258.
EMBO J 30 16, 3242–3258 (2011); published online July 29 2011 Cell growth is accompanied by the synthesis of macromolecules and biogenesis of organelles. The protein kinase mTOR (mechanistic or mammalian target of rapamycin) controls these processes by sensing availability of growth signals. The targeting of macromolecules and trafficking of cargo-containing vesicles into appropriate cellular compartments are also important processes that are highly controlled during growth versus stress conditions. In this issue of , Peña-Llopis demonstrate that mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) could regulate endocytosis by controlling the expression of endosomal proteins such as the vacuolar (V)-ATPases. mTORC1 performs this novel function by modulating the phosphorylation and activity of the transcription factor EB (TFEB), which is required for expression of genes involved in autophagosome and lysosome biogenesis. This study, along with a related study in by Settembre , reveals how growth signals mediated by mTOR and other protein kinases such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) can converge on TFEB to direct endosome biogenesis and trafficking.
EMBO J 30 16, 3242–3258 (2011); published online July 29 2011 细胞生长伴随着大分子的合成和细胞器的生物发生。蛋白激酶 mTOR（机械或哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶）通过感知生长信号的可用性来控制这些过程。大分子的靶向和含有货物的囊泡运输到适当的细胞区室也是在生长与应激条件下高度控制的重要过程。在本期的 中，Peña-Llopis 证明 mTOR 复合物 1（mTORC1）可以通过控制内体蛋白（如液泡（V）-ATP 酶）的表达来调节内吞作用。mTORC1 通过调节转录因子 EB（TFEB）的磷酸化和活性来发挥这一新颖功能，TFEB 是参与自噬体和溶酶体生物发生的基因表达所必需的。这项研究与 Settembre 在 中的一项相关研究一起，揭示了由 mTOR 和其他蛋白激酶（如丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK））介导的生长信号如何可以汇聚到 TFEB 上，从而指导内体生物发生和运输。
