Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Oct;96(10):E1596-605. doi: 10.1210/jc.2011-1251. Epub 2011 Aug 17.
The American Heart Association Nutrition Committee recommends women and men consume no more than 100 and 150 kcal of added sugar per day, respectively, whereas the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010, suggests a maximal added sugar intake of 25% or less of total energy.
To address this discrepancy, we compared the effects of consuming glucose, fructose, or high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) at 25% of energy requirements (E) on risk factors for cardiovascular disease. PARTICIPANTS, DESIGN AND SETTING, AND INTERVENTION: Forty-eight adults (aged 18-40 yr; body mass index 18-35 kg/m(2)) resided at the Clinical Research Center for 3.5 d of baseline testing while consuming energy-balanced diets containing 55% E complex carbohydrate. For 12 outpatient days, they consumed usual ad libitum diets along with three servings per day of glucose, fructose, or HFCS-sweetened beverages (n = 16/group), which provided 25% E requirements. Subjects then consumed energy-balanced diets containing 25% E sugar-sweetened beverages/30% E complex carbohydrate during 3.5 d of inpatient intervention testing.
Twenty-four-hour triglyceride area under the curve, fasting plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and apolipoprotein B (apoB) concentrations were measured.
Twenty-four-hour triglyceride area under the curve was increased compared with baseline during consumption of fructose (+4.7 ± 1.2 mmol/liter × 24 h, P = 0.0032) and HFCS (+1.8 ± 1.4 mmol/liter × 24 h, P = 0.035) but not glucose (-1.9 ± 0.9 mmol/liter × 24 h, P = 0.14). Fasting LDL and apoB concentrations were increased during consumption of fructose (LDL: +0.29 ± 0.082 mmol/liter, P = 0.0023; apoB: +0.093 ± 0.022 g/liter, P = 0.0005) and HFCS (LDL: +0.42 ± 0.11 mmol/liter, P < 0.0001; apoB: +0.12 ± 0.031 g/liter, P < 0.0001) but not glucose (LDL: +0.012 ± 0.071 mmol/liter, P = 0.86; apoB: +0.0097 ± 0.019 g/liter, P = 0.90).
Consumption of HFCS-sweetened beverages for 2 wk at 25% E increased risk factors for cardiovascular disease comparably with fructose and more than glucose in young adults.
美国心脏协会营养委员会建议女性和男性每天分别摄入不超过 100 和 150 卡路里的添加糖，而《2010 年美国人膳食指南》则建议添加糖的最大摄入量应占总能量的 25%以下。
为了解决这一差异，我们比较了摄入葡萄糖、果糖或高果糖玉米糖浆（HFCS）分别占能量需求（E）的 25%对心血管疾病风险因素的影响。
参与者、设计和设置以及干预措施：48 名成年人（年龄 18-40 岁；体重指数 18-35 kg/m²）在基线测试期间在临床研究中心居住了 3.5 天，同时摄入含有 55% E 复合碳水化合物的能量平衡饮食。在 12 个门诊天中，他们按照习惯自由进食，同时每天食用 3 份葡萄糖、果糖或 HFCS 甜味饮料（每组 16 人），这些饮料提供了 25% E 的需求。然后，受试者在住院干预测试的 3.5 天内摄入含有 25% E 含糖饮料/30% E 复合碳水化合物的能量平衡饮食。
24 小时甘油三酯曲线下面积、空腹血浆低密度脂蛋白（LDL）和载脂蛋白 B（apoB）浓度。
与基线相比，果糖（+4.7±1.2 mmol/liter×24 h，P=0.0032）和 HFCS（+1.8±1.4 mmol/liter×24 h，P=0.035）的 24 小时甘油三酯曲线下面积增加，但葡萄糖（-1.9±0.9 mmol/liter×24 h，P=0.14）则不然。果糖（LDL：+0.29±0.082 mmol/liter，P=0.0023；apoB：+0.093±0.022 g/liter，P=0.0005）和 HFCS（LDL：+0.42±0.11 mmol/liter，P＜0.0001；apoB：+0.12±0.031 g/liter，P＜0.0001）的 LDL 和 apoB 浓度在摄入期间升高，但葡萄糖（LDL：+0.012±0.071 mmol/liter，P=0.86；apoB：+0.0097±0.019 g/liter，P=0.90）则不然。
在年轻成年人中，HFCS 甜味饮料摄入 2 周，占能量的 25%，与果糖相比，增加了心血管疾病的风险因素，比葡萄糖更明显。
