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“深埋于他们骨子里的善念”:儿童是否拥有财产权?

'The good that is interred in their bones': are there property rights in the child?

作者信息

Lyons Barry

机构信息

Centre for Ethics and Social Policy, School of Law, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.

出版信息

Med Law Rev. 2011 Summer;19(3):372-400. doi: 10.1093/medlaw/fwr014.

Abstract

Bone marrow donation between siblings is a common medical procedure. In some instances, the donor will be a young child incapable of providing either consent or assent, and the intervention is made lawful through the consent of the parent(s). Although a number of justifications have been formulated to cover this act with legitimacy, these fail to describe accurately the transaction that takes place. In the absence of the child authorising his parents to act as his proxy, it is unclear why parental consent is sufficient to permit the redistribution of his biological wealth. Instead, where the donor is such a young child, the whole procedure may be construed as the appropriation of bodily tissue from one unconsenting human and its conveyance to a third, albeit related, party. This paper argues that if the parentally authorised transfer of biological material from an unconsenting human to another is legally permissible, it must be on the basis of an implicitly acknowledged property right in the child.

摘要

兄弟姐妹间的骨髓捐赠是一种常见的医疗程序。在某些情况下,捐赠者可能是年幼的儿童,无法给出同意或认可,此时该干预行为通过父母的同意而合法化。尽管已提出一些理由来使这一行为具有合法性,但这些理由未能准确描述所发生的交易。在孩子未授权其父母作为代理人的情况下,尚不清楚为何父母的同意就足以允许对孩子的生物财富进行重新分配。相反,当捐赠者是如此年幼的儿童时,整个程序可能被解释为从未经同意的人身上获取身体组织并将其转移给第三方,尽管该第三方与孩子有亲属关系。本文认为,如果经父母授权将生物材料从未经同意的人转移给另一人在法律上是允许的,那么其依据必然是对孩子隐含认可的财产权。

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