Andersen J A, Pallesen R M
Ann Surg. 1979 Mar;189(3):367-72. doi: 10.1097/00000658-197903000-00019.
In 40 breasts with primary carcinoma, the nipple and areola were cut horizontally in order to investigate the frequency of intraductal and invasive cancer. In 20 of these breasts the nipple and/or areola were found to be involved at a depth of 1 cm (50%; 95% confidence limits: 33.8-66.2%). Eleven neoplasms were purely intraductal, eight intraductal as well as stromal, and only one purely stromal. By means of clinical or physical findings, it was not possible to select the breasts in which the nipple and/or areola were not involved. It is concluded that the general use of surgical methods preserving the nipple and areola in treating breast cancer leaves a focus of invasive or intraductal carcinoma in about half the patients. The implications of this are not known.
为了研究导管内癌和浸润性癌的发生率，对40例原发性乳腺癌患者的乳头和乳晕进行了水平切开。在其中20例乳房中，发现乳头和/或乳晕在1厘米深度处受累（50%；95%置信区间：33.8 - 66.2%）。11个肿瘤为单纯导管内癌，8个为导管内癌合并间质癌，仅1个为单纯间质癌。通过临床或体格检查结果，无法选择乳头和/或乳晕未受累的乳房。得出的结论是，在治疗乳腺癌时普遍采用保留乳头和乳晕的手术方法，约半数患者会残留浸润性或导管内癌病灶。其影响尚不清楚。
