Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS) (Wildlife Diseases Research Group), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
Vet Parasitol. 2012 Feb 10;183(3-4):323-9. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.07.046. Epub 2011 Jul 30.
Sarcoptic mange was recently described in the wild European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in north-eastern Mediterranean Spain, the first such infection reported in this species anywhere in the world. This finding has created concern in conservationists and game managers given that an outbreak of mange after a translocation would have catastrophic consequences for naïve rabbit populations in other parts of Spain. A retrospective serosurvey using an 'in house' ELISA test based on the use of a recombinant antigen aimed at determining the rates of contact with Sarcoptes scabiei was carried out on sera from 966 rabbits collected between 1993 and 2010 in Spain. Antibodies were found in 13% of wild rabbits in 60% of the 53 areas surveyed, as well as in 16 of the 17 Spanish provinces and islands studied. Seropositive rabbits were found amongst the oldest samples analyzed and in all studied years. Antibodies were also detected in 36% of rabbits from the protected island of Dragonera, where rabbits have probably not been released since the 1970s. On Mallorca, where 89 rabbits were inspected for both lesions and antibodies, the prevalence of lesions (5.6%) was much lower than the seroprevalence (22.5%), indicating that rabbits often survive infection or that ELISA detects infected rabbits before they develop visible lesions. Seroprevalence was higher in areas with medium levels of rabbit abundance, no restocking and high rainfall. The results show that mange is widespread in rabbits and that the mite is not a recent introduction. Thus, sarcoptic mange could be considered as an enzootic disease in the wild rabbit and so prophylactic measures implemented during rabbit translocations are to be encouraged to avoid local outbreaks in naïve populations.
最近在西班牙东北地中海地区的野生欧洲兔（Oryctolagus cuniculus）中发现了疥螨病，这是该物种在世界范围内首次发生这种感染。这一发现引起了保护主义者和狩猎管理人员的关注，因为在转移后爆发疥螨病将对西班牙其他地区的天真兔群产生灾难性后果。使用基于重组抗原的内部 ELISA 测试对 1993 年至 2010 年期间收集的 966 只兔子的血清进行了回顾性血清学调查，以确定与 Sarcoptes scabiei 接触的比率。在 53 个调查区域中的 60%的区域发现了 13%的野生兔血清呈抗体阳性，在研究的 17 个西班牙省份和岛屿中也有 16 个发现了抗体阳性。在分析的最古老样本和所有研究年份中都发现了血清阳性的兔子。在自 20 世纪 70 年代以来可能没有释放兔子的受保护的龙达纳岛，也检测到了抗体。在马略卡岛，对 89 只兔子进行了病变和抗体检查，病变的患病率（5.6%）远低于血清阳性率（22.5%），这表明兔子通常在感染后存活，或者 ELISA 在出现可见病变之前就可以检测到感染的兔子。在兔子丰度中等、没有重新放养和降雨量高的地区，血清阳性率更高。研究结果表明，疥螨病在兔子中广泛流行，并且螨虫不是最近引入的。因此，疥螨病可以被认为是野生兔的地方病，因此，在进行兔类转移时，应鼓励采取预防措施，以避免在天真兔群中爆发局部疫情。
