Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 60 Haven Avenue, #B2, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Int J Drug Policy. 2012 Jan;23(1):82-6. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2011.07.011. Epub 2011 Aug 17.
Switzerland in the 1980s was an epicentre of HIV as open drug injection became part of the urban scene, especially in Zurich. Cracks appeared in Switzerland's long commitment to policing as the main drug-control strategy as law enforcement was unable to contain the health and social consequences of the rapid spread of drug injection. In the early stages of the epidemic, the pioneering health care providers who brought technically illegal harm reduction services into the open drug scene in Zurich helped open the exploration at the federal level of more balanced drug policy. Carefully evaluated pilot experiences in low-threshold methadone, needle exchange, and eventually heroin-assisted therapy yielded evidence of significant HIV prevention and crime reduction that was convincing not only to policy-makers but also to a skeptical Swiss public. Whilst not all countries have Switzerland's resource base, the Swiss experience still holds many useful lessons for establishing evidence-based policy on illicit drugs.
20 世纪 80 年代，瑞士成为艾滋病的重灾区，因为公开的毒品注射成为城市景象的一部分，尤其是在苏黎世。随着执法部门无法遏制毒品注射迅速传播带来的健康和社会后果，瑞士长期以来将执法作为主要毒品控制策略的承诺出现了裂痕。在疫情早期，开创性的医疗保健提供者将技术上非法的减少伤害服务带入苏黎世的公开毒品场所，这有助于在联邦一级更平衡地探索毒品政策。经过精心评估的试点经验，包括低门槛美沙酮、针具交换，最终还有海洛因辅助治疗，为显著的艾滋病预防和犯罪减少提供了证据，这些证据不仅令决策者信服，也令瑞士公众信服。尽管并非所有国家都拥有瑞士那样的资源基础，但瑞士的经验仍然为制定基于证据的非法药物政策提供了许多有益的教训。
