Mo Wei-Chuan, Liu Ying, Cooper Helen M, He Rong-Qiao
State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.
Bioelectromagnetics. 2012 Apr;33(3):238-46. doi: 10.1002/bem.20699. Epub 2011 Aug 18.
The hypogeomagnetic field (HGMF; magnetic fields <200 nT) is one of the fundamental environmental factors of space. However, the effect of HGMF exposure on living systems remains unclear. In this article, we examine the biological effects of HGMF on the embryonic development of Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog). A decrease in horizontal third cleavage furrows and abnormal morphogenesis were observed in Xenopus embryos growing in the HGMF. HGMF exposure at the two-cell stage, but no later than the four-cell stage, is enough to alter the third cleavage geometry pattern. Immunofluorescent staining for α-tubulin showed reorientation of the spindle of four-cell stage blastomeres. These results indicate that a brief (2-h) exposure to HGMF is sufficient to interfere with the development of Xenopus embryos at cleavage stages. Also, the mitotic spindle could be an early sensor to the deprivation of the geomagnetic field, which provides a clue to the molecular mechanism underlying the morphological and other changes observed in the developing and/or developed embryos.
弱地磁场（HGMF；磁场强度<200 nT）是空间的基本环境因素之一。然而，暴露于弱地磁场对生物系统的影响仍不清楚。在本文中，我们研究了弱地磁场对非洲爪蟾胚胎发育的生物学效应。在弱地磁场中生长的非洲爪蟾胚胎中，观察到水平第三次卵裂沟减少和形态发生异常。在二细胞期而非四细胞期之后暴露于弱地磁场，足以改变第三次卵裂的几何模式。α-微管蛋白的免疫荧光染色显示四细胞期卵裂球纺锤体重新定向。这些结果表明，短暂（2小时）暴露于弱地磁场足以干扰非洲爪蟾胚胎卵裂期的发育。此外，有丝分裂纺锤体可能是地磁场缺失的早期传感器，这为发育中和/或已发育胚胎中观察到的形态及其他变化的分子机制提供了线索。
