University Medicine Greifswald, Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 48, 17475 Greifswald, Germany.
BMC Public Health. 2011 Aug 19;11:659. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-659.
To determine a) proportions of behavior related health risk factors among job-seekers and b) to what extend these are related to self-rated health.
Over 12 months, job-seekers were recruited at three job-agencies in northeastern Germany. Among all individuals eligible for study inclusion, 7,906 (79.8%) provided information on smoking, risky drinking, overweight/obesity (body mass index), fruit and vegetable intake, physical inactivity, illicit drug use, and self-rated health. Proportions and 95% confidence intervals stratified by gender, age and duration of unemployment were calculated. Multivariate logistic regression analyses predicting self-rated health were conducted.
The proportions of each health-risk factor were high, and 52.4% of the sample (53.4% male, 33.5 years mean age) had 3 or more health risk factors. Mostly, the proportions were particularly high among men and long-term unemployed individuals; e.g. 84.8% of the 18-24 year old long-term unemployed men were current smokers. Proportions of substance use related health risk factors were highest among the 18-24 year olds (e.g. risky drinking 28.7%), and proportions of health risk factors related to nutrition and physical inactivity were highest among the 40-64 year olds (e.g. overweight/obesity 65.4%). Depending on gender, all health risk factors and having 3 or more health risk factors were associated with lower self-rated health; odd ratios ranged between 1.2 for smoking (95% CI: 1.0-1.3) and 1.7 for overweight and physical inactivity (95% CI: 1.5-1.9).
Prevention efforts to reduce health risk factors and to increase health among job-seekers are needed, and job agencies appear a feasible setting for their implementation.
确定 a) 求职者中与行为相关的健康风险因素的比例，b) 这些因素与自我评估健康状况的关系程度。
在 12 个月内，在德国东北部的三个职业介绍所招募求职者。在所有符合研究纳入条件的个体中，有 7906 人（79.8%）提供了关于吸烟、危险饮酒、超重/肥胖（体重指数）、水果和蔬菜摄入、身体活动不足、非法药物使用和自我评估健康的信息。按性别、年龄和失业持续时间分层计算各健康风险因素的比例和 95%置信区间。进行了多变量逻辑回归分析，以预测自我评估的健康状况。
每个健康风险因素的比例都很高，样本中有 52.4%（男性占 53.4%，平均年龄 33.5 岁）有 3 个或更多健康风险因素。大多数情况下，这些比例在男性和长期失业者中特别高；例如，18-24 岁长期失业的男性中，有 84.8%是当前吸烟者。与物质使用相关的健康风险因素的比例在 18-24 岁人群中最高（例如，危险饮酒占 28.7%），与营养和身体活动不足相关的健康风险因素的比例在 40-64 岁人群中最高（例如，超重/肥胖占 65.4%）。根据性别不同，所有健康风险因素和有 3 个或更多健康风险因素都与较低的自我评估健康状况相关；比值比范围在吸烟的 1.2（95%置信区间：1.0-1.3）和超重与身体活动不足的 1.7（95%置信区间：1.5-1.9）之间。
需要采取预防措施来减少求职者的健康风险因素并提高他们的健康水平，职业介绍所似乎是实施这些措施的可行场所。
