Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
J Dairy Sci. 2011 Sep;94(9):4243-54. doi: 10.3168/jds.2010-3955.
The objective of this review is to summarize research efforts and case studies to date of the environmental impacts from dairy processing. The pervasiveness of greenhouse gas emission, water use, consumer waste, and other environmental impacts of dairy are described. An outline of the method of choice, the life cycle assessment, for conducting research and deciding appropriate allocation of the impacts is provided. Specific research examples in dairy processing highlight how the representative final product is associated with environmental impacts to air, water, and land. The primary conclusion from the study was the usefulness of life cycle assessment methodology and the need for further research due to limited studies, variable data, and the magnitude of environmental impact.
本综述的目的是总结迄今为止乳制品加工对环境影响的研究成果和案例研究。描述了温室气体排放、水利用、消费者浪费和乳制品其他环境影响的普遍性。提供了选择方法——生命周期评估——的概述，用于进行研究和决定影响的适当分配。乳制品加工的具体研究示例强调了代表性最终产品如何与空气、水和土地的环境影响相关联。该研究的主要结论是生命周期评估方法的有用性，以及由于研究有限、数据变化和环境影响的巨大性，需要进一步研究。
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