New Boris, Grainger Jonathan
Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité & CNRS, France.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2011 Oct;138(2):322-8. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2011.07.001. Epub 2011 Aug 19.
In four experiments we examined whether the frequency of occurrence of letters affects performance in the alphabetic decision task (speeded letter vs. pseudo-letter classification). Experiments 1A and 1B tested isolated letters and pseudo-letters presented at fixation, and Experiments 2A and 2B tested the same stimuli inserted at the 1st, 3rd, or 5th position in a string of Xs. Significant negative correlations between letter frequency and response times to letter targets were found in all experiments. The correlations were found to be stronger for token frequency counts compared with both type frequency and frequency rank, stronger for frequency counts based on a book corpus compared with film subtitles, and stronger for measures counting occurrences as the first letter of words compared with inner letters and final letters. Correlations for letters presented in strings of Xs were found to depend on letter case and position-in-string. The results are in favor of models of word recognition that implement case-specific and position-specific letter representations.
在四项实验中，我们研究了字母出现的频率是否会影响字母识别任务（快速字母与伪字母分类）的表现。实验1A和1B测试了呈现于注视点的孤立字母和伪字母，实验2A和2B测试了插入到一串X中的相同刺激，位置为第1、3或5个。在所有实验中均发现字母频率与对字母目标的反应时间之间存在显著的负相关。与类型频率和频率排名相比，发现词元频率计数的相关性更强；与电影字幕相比，基于书籍语料库的频率计数相关性更强；与内部字母和末尾字母相比，将出现次数计为单词首字母的测量方法相关性更强。发现X串中呈现的字母的相关性取决于字母大小写和字符串中的位置。结果支持了实现特定大小写和特定位置字母表征的单词识别模型。
