Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation (M/C 796), Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Can J Neurol Sci. 2011 Sep;38(5):696-703. doi: 10.1017/s0317167100054068.
The Nazi regime in Germany from 1933 to 1945 waged a veritable war throughout Europe to eliminate neurologic disease from the gene pool. Fueled by eugenic policies on racial hygiene, the Nazis first undertook a sterilization campaign against "mental defectives," which included neurologic patients with epilepsy and other disorders, as well as psychiatric patients. From 1939-41 the Nazis instead resorted to "euthanasia" of many of the same patients. Some neuroscientists were collaborators in this program, using patients for research, or using extracted brains following their murder. Other reviews have focused on Hallervorden, Spatz, Schaltenbrand, Scherer, and Gross, but in this review the focus is on neuroscientists not well described in the neurology literature, including Scholz, Ostertag, Schneider, Nachtsheim, and von Weizsäcker. Only by understanding the actions of neuroscientists during this dark period can we learn from the slippery slope down which they traveled, and prevent history from repeating itself.
从 1933 年到 1945 年，德国纳粹政权在整个欧洲发动了一场真正的战争，试图从基因库中消除神经疾病。纳粹政权受种族卫生优生政策的推动，首先对“精神缺陷者”（包括患有癫痫和其他疾病的神经科患者以及精神病患者）开展了绝育运动。从 1939 年到 1941 年，纳粹转而对许多同样的患者实施了“安乐死”。一些神经科学家是该计划的合作者，他们利用患者进行研究，或者在谋杀后提取大脑进行研究。其他评论的重点是 Hallervorden、Spatz、Schaltenbrand、Scherer 和 Gross，但在本次评论中，重点是那些在神经病学文献中没有详细描述的神经科学家，包括 Scholz、Ostertag、Schneider、Nachtsheim 和 von Weizsäcker。只有了解神经科学家在这一黑暗时期的行为，我们才能从他们走过的滑坡中吸取教训，防止历史重演。
