Janssen-Cilag, Brazil.
Braz J Infect Dis. 2011 Jul-Aug;15(4):339-48.
Ceftobiprole is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin with potent activity against staphylococci, including those resistant to oxacillin, as well as against most gram-negative bacilli including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study, the in vitro activity of ceftobiprole and comparator agents was tested against bacterial isolates recently collected from Brazilian private hospitals. A total of 336 unique bacterial isolates were collected from hospitalized patients between February 2008 and August 2009. Each hospital was asked to submit 100 single bacterial isolates responsible for causing blood, lower respiratory tract or skin and soft tissue infections. Bacterial identification was confirmed and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using CLSI microdilution method at a central laboratory. The CLSI M100-S21 (2011) was used for interpretation of the antimicrobial susceptibility results. Among the 336 pathogens collected, 255 (75.9%) were gram-negative bacilli and 81 (24.1%) were gram-positive cocci. Although ceftobiprole MIC50 values for oxacillin resistant strains were two-fold higher than for methicillin susceptible S. aureus, ceftobiprole inhibited 100% of tested S. aureus at MICs < 4 µg/mL. Polymyxin B was the only agent to show potent activity against Acinetobacter spp. (MIC50/90, 0.5/1 µg/mL), and P. aeruginosa (MIC50/90, 1/2 µg/mL). Resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins varied from 55.3-68.5% and 14.3-28.5% among E. coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates, respectively; with ceftobiprole MIC50 > 6 µg/mL for both species. Our results showed that ceftobiprole has potent activity against staphylococci and E. faecalis, which was superior to that of vancomycin. Our data also indicates that ceftobiprole demonstrated potency comparable to that of cefepime and ceftazidime against key gram-negative species.
头孢洛林是一种广谱头孢菌素，对葡萄球菌具有强大的活性，包括对耐苯唑西林的葡萄球菌，以及对大多数革兰氏阴性杆菌，包括铜绿假单胞菌。在这项研究中，测试了头孢洛林和比较剂对最近从巴西私立医院收集的细菌分离株的体外活性。总共从 2008 年 2 月至 2009 年 8 月住院的患者中收集了 336 个独特的细菌分离株。要求每家医院提交 100 株引起血液、下呼吸道或皮肤和软组织感染的单一细菌分离株。在中央实验室使用 CLSI 微量稀释法确认细菌鉴定并进行抗菌药物敏感性测试。CLSI M100-S21（2011 年）用于解释抗菌药物敏感性结果。在所收集的 336 种病原体中，255 种（75.9%）为革兰氏阴性杆菌，81 种（24.1%）为革兰氏阳性球菌。尽管头孢洛林对耐苯唑西林的金黄色葡萄球菌的 MIC50 值是对甲氧西林敏感的金黄色葡萄球菌的两倍，但头孢洛林在 MIC < 4μg/ml 时抑制了 100%的金黄色葡萄球菌。多粘菌素 B 是唯一对不动杆菌属（MIC50/90，0.5/1μg/ml）和铜绿假单胞菌（MIC50/90，1/2μg/ml）具有强大活性的药物。广谱头孢菌素的耐药率在大肠杆菌和克雷伯菌属分离株中分别为 55.3-68.5%和 14.3-28.5%；头孢洛林的 MIC50 均大于 6μg/ml。我们的结果表明，头孢洛林对葡萄球菌和粪肠球菌具有强大的活性，优于万古霉素。我们的数据还表明，头孢洛林对关键革兰氏阴性菌的活性与头孢吡肟和头孢他啶相当。
