Infection Control Program & World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety (Infection Control & Practice Improvement), University of Geneva Hospitals, Switzerland.
Future Microbiol. 2011 Aug;6(8):855-76. doi: 10.2217/fmb.11.66.
Hand hygiene is the single most important intervention for reducing healthcare associated infections and preventing the spread of antimicrobial resistance. This sentence begins most publications regarding hand hygiene in the medical literature. But why - as we mark 150 years since the publication of Ignaz Semmelweis' landmark monograph on the subject - do we continue to repeat it? One might be tempted to regard it as a truism. However, while tremendous progress has certainly been made in this field, a significant amount of work is yet to be done in both strengthening the evidence regarding the impact of hand hygiene and maximizing its implementation. Hand hygiene cannot yet be taken for granted. This article summarizes historical perspectives, dynamics of microbial colonization and efficacy of hand cleansing methods and agents, elements and impacts of successful hand hygiene promotion, as well as scale-up and sustainability. We also explore hand hygiene myths and current challenges such as monitoring, behavior change, patient participation and research priorities.
手卫生是减少医源性感染和防止抗微生物药物耐药性传播的最重要干预措施。这句话在医学文献中几乎是所有关于手卫生出版物的开篇。但是，在纪念伊格纳兹·塞梅尔魏斯（Ignaz Semmelweis）发表关于该主题的里程碑式专题论文 150 周年之际，我们为何还要不断重复这句话呢？人们可能会认为这是不言而喻的道理。然而，尽管在这一领域已经取得了巨大的进展，但在加强手卫生对减少感染影响的证据以及提高手卫生实施力度方面，仍有大量工作要做。手卫生仍然不能被视为理所当然。本文总结了历史观点、微生物定植动力学和手部清洁方法及制剂的功效、成功推广手卫生的要素和影响，以及扩大规模和可持续性。我们还探讨了手卫生的误区和当前面临的挑战，如监测、行为改变、患者参与和研究重点。
