Ataee Ramezan Ali, Ataee Mohammad Hosein, Mehrabi Tavana Ali, Salesi Mahmud
Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
Applied Microbial Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
Int J Prev Med. 2017 Mar 10;8:16. doi: 10.4103/2008-7802.201923. eCollection 2017.
The aim of this review is to show the historical aspects of hands washing for healthy life and explains how can reduce the transmission of community-acquired infectious agents by healthcare workers and patients. This review article is prepared based on available database. The key words used were hands washing, risk assessment, hands hygiene, bacterial flora, contamination, infection, nosocomial, tap water, sanitizer, bacterial resistance, hands bacterial flora, washing methods, antiseptics, healthcare workers, healthcare personnel, from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Google Scholar. Data were descriptively analyzed. The insistence on hand washing has a history of 1400 years. The research results indicate that the bacteria released from the female washed hands in wet and dry condition was lower than from the male's hands with a significance level (3 CFU vs. 8 CFU; confidence interval 95%, ≤ 0.001). The valuable results of the study indicated that released amount of bacterial flora from wet hands is more than 10 times in compared to dry hands. In addition, established monitoring systems for washing hands before and after patient's manipulation as well as after toilet were dominant indices to prevent the transfer of infectious agents to the patients. Increasing awareness and belief of the healthcare workers have shown an important role by about 30% reduction in the transfection. Hand washing could reduce the episodes of transmission of infectious agents in both community and healthcare settings. However, hand washing is an important key factor to prevent transmission of infectious agents to patients. There is no standard method for measuring compliance. Thus, permanent monitoring of hand washing to reduce the transmission of infections is crucial. Finally, the personnel must believe that hand washing is an inevitable approach to infection control.
本综述的目的是展示洗手对健康生活的历史影响，并解释其如何减少医护人员和患者传播社区获得性感染源。本综述文章基于现有数据库编写。使用的关键词为洗手、风险评估、手部卫生、细菌菌群、污染、感染、医院感染、自来水、消毒剂、细菌耐药性、手部细菌菌群、洗手方法、防腐剂、医护人员、医疗人员，来自PubMed、ScienceDirect、Embase、Scopus、Web of Sciences和谷歌学术。对数据进行了描述性分析。坚持洗手已有1400年的历史。研究结果表明，女性洗手后在湿手和干手状态下释放的细菌低于男性，具有显著差异（3 CFU对8 CFU；95%置信区间，≤0.001）。该研究的重要结果表明，湿手释放的细菌菌群数量比干手多10倍以上。此外，建立患者操作前后以及如厕后洗手的监测系统是防止感染源传播给患者的主要指标。提高医护人员的意识和信念显示出重要作用，感染传播减少了约30%。洗手可减少社区和医疗机构中感染源的传播事件。然而，洗手是防止感染源传播给患者的重要关键因素。目前尚无测量依从性的标准方法。因此，持续监测洗手以减少感染传播至关重要。最后，工作人员必须相信洗手是控制感染的必然方法。
