Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, and School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
J Neurol Sci. 2011 Dec 15;311(1-2):37-43. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2011.07.033. Epub 2011 Aug 23.
High exposure to vitamin D may protect against development and progression of multiple sclerosis (MS), possibly through the immunomodulatory properties of its biologically active metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. So far, most studies on the possible mechanisms for vitamin D involvement in MS have focused on immune modulation outside the central nervous system (CNS). However, vitamin D may also interfere with the pathophysiology of MS within the CNS. In this review, the potential presence and functions of vitamin D in the inflamed and healthy CNS are explored. We discuss that vitamin D, vitamin D binding protein (DBP), the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and enzymes needed for metabolism (CYP27B1) are present in the CNS. Both VDR and CYP27B1 are expressed on a variety of cells, including neurons, glial cells, and invading lymphocytes. Additionally, vitamin D has been postulated to play a modulating role in several key-processes in MS pathophysiology, including inflammation, demyelination, axonal damage, and remyelination. We conclude that a local role of vitamin D in the inflamed CNS is likely and potentially relevant to MS. Future studies should further characterize the impact of vitamin D on the local disease process of MS in the CNS.
高剂量的维生素 D 暴露可能通过其生物活性代谢物 1,25-二羟维生素 D 的免疫调节特性来预防多发性硬化症 (MS) 的发展和进展。到目前为止，大多数关于维生素 D 参与 MS 的可能机制的研究都集中在中枢神经系统 (CNS) 之外的免疫调节上。然而，维生素 D 也可能干扰 CNS 中 MS 的病理生理学。在这篇综述中，探讨了维生素 D 在炎症和健康的中枢神经系统中的存在和功能。我们讨论了维生素 D、维生素 D 结合蛋白 (DBP)、维生素 D 受体 (VDR) 和代谢所需的酶 (CYP27B1) 存在于中枢神经系统中。VDR 和 CYP27B1 都在多种细胞上表达，包括神经元、神经胶质细胞和浸润的淋巴细胞。此外，维生素 D 被假设在 MS 病理生理学的几个关键过程中发挥调节作用，包括炎症、脱髓鞘、轴突损伤和髓鞘再生。我们得出结论，维生素 D 在炎症性中枢神经系统中的局部作用可能与 MS 相关。未来的研究应该进一步描述维生素 D 对中枢神经系统中 MS 局部疾病过程的影响。
