Unité d'Immunogénétique Cellulaire, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.
Clin Immunol. 2011 Oct;141(1):15-30. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2011.07.007. Epub 2011 Aug 4.
A small minority of HIV-infected individuals, known as HIV controllers, is able to exert long-term control over HIV replication in the absence of treatment. Increasing evidence suggests that the adaptive immune system plays a critical role in this control but also that a combination of several host and/or viral factors, rather than a single cause, leads to this rare phenotype. Here, we review recent advances in the study of these remarkable individuals. We summarize the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of HIV controllers, and subsequently describe contributing roles of host genetic factors, innate and adaptive immune responses, and viral factors to this phenotype. We emphasize distinctive characteristics of HIV-specific CD4 T cell responses and of CD4 T cell subpopulations that are frequently found in HIV controllers. We discuss major controversies in the field and the relevance of the study of HIV controllers for the development of novel therapeutic strategies and vaccines.
一小部分 HIV 感染者，被称为 HIV 控制器，能够在没有治疗的情况下长期控制 HIV 复制。越来越多的证据表明，适应性免疫系统在这种控制中起着关键作用，但也有多种宿主和/或病毒因素共同作用，而不是单一原因导致这种罕见的表型。在这里，我们回顾了对这些杰出个体的研究的最新进展。我们总结了 HIV 控制器的流行病学和临床特征，随后描述了宿主遗传因素、先天和适应性免疫反应以及病毒因素对这种表型的贡献作用。我们强调了 HIV 特异性 CD4 T 细胞反应和 HIV 控制器中经常发现的 CD4 T 细胞亚群的独特特征。我们讨论了该领域的主要争议以及研究 HIV 控制器对于开发新型治疗策略和疫苗的相关性。
