Kurono Yuichi, Miyashita Keiichi, Makise Takaho, Nagano Hiromi
Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
Adv Otorhinolaryngol. 2011;72:146-8. doi: 10.1159/000324773. Epub 2011 Aug 18.
Mucosal vaccine has been considered a promising strategy to prevent upper respiratory infections. As the immunization routes to induce mucosal immune responses, oral, intranasal, and sublingual immunizations are proposed for clinical application. Recently, it has been reported that transcutaneous immunization is also capable of inducing mucosal immune responses. However, it still remains unclear which route is the most effective to induce mucosal immune responses in upper respiratory organs. In order to investigate the differences in the immune responses among several mucosal immunizations, mice were immunized with phosphorylcholine (PC) together with cholera toxin (CT) as mucosal adjuvant intranasally, sublingually, and transcutaneously, and the mucosal as well as systemic immune responses were compared. PC-specific IgA antibody titers in saliva and nasal wash were increased by intaranasal as well as sublingual immunization to the same levels. However, IgE levels induced by mucosal immunization were remarkably reduced by sublingual immunization. Transcutaneous immunization increased mucosal IgA responses, although the levels were lower than those induced by intaranasal and sublingual immunization. Those results suggest that sublingual immunization might be superior to the other immunizations in inducing PC-specific mucosal immune responses in upper respiratory tract.
黏膜疫苗被认为是预防上呼吸道感染的一种有前景的策略。作为诱导黏膜免疫反应的免疫途径，口服、鼻内和舌下免疫已被提议用于临床应用。最近，有报道称经皮免疫也能够诱导黏膜免疫反应。然而，目前仍不清楚哪种途径在诱导上呼吸道器官的黏膜免疫反应方面最有效。为了研究几种黏膜免疫之间免疫反应的差异，将小鼠分别通过鼻内、舌下和经皮途径用磷酸胆碱（PC）与霍乱毒素（CT）作为黏膜佐剂进行免疫，并比较黏膜和全身免疫反应。鼻内和舌下免疫均可使唾液和鼻腔灌洗液中PC特异性IgA抗体滴度升高至相同水平。然而，黏膜免疫诱导的IgE水平在舌下免疫时显著降低。经皮免疫增加了黏膜IgA反应，尽管其水平低于鼻内和舌下免疫诱导的水平。这些结果表明，在诱导上呼吸道PC特异性黏膜免疫反应方面，舌下免疫可能优于其他免疫方式。
