Le Dung Tien, Choi Jung-Do, Tran Lam-Son Phan
Research Team for vector-borne Diseases, National Agriculture Research Center Kannond, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
GM Crops. 2010 Mar-Apr;1(2):62-7. doi: 10.4161/gmcr.1.2.10856.
Acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) (EC 4.1.3.18) is a target of commercially available herbicides such as sulfonylurea, imidazolinone, and triazolopyrimidine. In plants and microorganisms, AHAS catalyzes the first common reaction in the biosynthesis pathways leading to leucine, isoleucine and valine. Intensive studies using different approaches - including site-directed mutagenesis, molecular modeling and structural analysis - on plant AHAS-s have contributed to the understanding of the herbicide-AHAS interaction. Knowledge of the critical roles of amino acid residues of plant AHAS in conferring herbicide resistance will enable the creation of new herbicide-tolerant AHAS which could be used to develop herbicide-resistant transgenic plants. Moreover, such information will also elucidate design strategies for more efficient herbicides that could also kill weeds resistant to previously used AHAS-inhibiting herbicides. In this review, we summarize the results of intensive searches for amino acid residues and their substitutions that confer herbicide resistance in tobacco AHAS.
乙酰羟酸合酶（AHAS）（EC 4.1.3.18）是磺酰脲类、咪唑啉酮类和三唑并嘧啶类等市售除草剂的作用靶点。在植物和微生物中，AHAS催化生物合成途径中导致亮氨酸、异亮氨酸和缬氨酸的首个共同反应。使用包括定点诱变、分子建模和结构分析在内的不同方法对植物AHAS进行的深入研究，有助于理解除草剂与AHAS的相互作用。了解植物AHAS氨基酸残基在赋予除草剂抗性方面的关键作用，将有助于创造新的耐除草剂AHAS，可用于培育抗除草剂转基因植物。此外，此类信息还将阐明设计更高效除草剂的策略，这些除草剂也能杀死对先前使用的AHAS抑制型除草剂具有抗性的杂草。在本综述中，我们总结了对烟草AHAS中赋予除草剂抗性的氨基酸残基及其取代进行深入搜索的结果。
