Harless W G, Duncan R C, Zier M A, Ayers W R, Berman J R, Pohl H S
Department of Community and Family Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C. 20007-2197.
Acad Med. 1990 May;65(5):327-33. doi: 10.1097/00001888-199005000-00014.
The Technological Innovations in Medical Education (TIME) Project has created an interactive videodisc patient-simulation model that provides faculty with a new method for patient-centered teaching in the medical school classroom. The TIME model is designed to be controlled by a professor in the classroom setting, and incorporates voice recognition technology and video dramatization to create a believable patient encounter. Under the auspices of the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, National Library of Medicine, where the Project originated in 1983, three medical schools participated in a field test of this "high-tech" model. Six faculty members made ten classroom presentations of two TIME simulations to 306 second-year medical students. The principal finding was that, in a group setting, a large majority of the students at all three schools became individually committed to the care and management of the simulated patient. They acted as if the patient's problems were real and left the session feeling as though they had interacted with an actual person. Therefore, in terms of simulating a real patient, the TIME patient-simulation model was validated, providing the basis for the development of new patient-centered methods to teach and test medical students in the classroom setting. The Project has been at the Georgetown University School of Medicine, where the model is being introduced into the existing curriculum, since 1988. It is currently being used as a part of the final examination for second-year students and in discussion-group settings for fourth-year students in the internal medicine clerkship. A field test is also under way using the TIME model to assess the clinical performance of third-year students.
医学教育技术创新（TIME）项目创建了一个交互式视频光盘患者模拟模型，为医学院教师在课堂上以患者为中心的教学提供了一种新方法。TIME模型设计为由课堂上的教授控制，并结合语音识别技术和视频短剧，营造出逼真的患者诊疗场景。该项目于1983年起源于国立医学图书馆的李斯特·希尔国家生物医学通信中心，在其支持下，三所医学院参与了这种“高科技”模型的实地测试。六名教师向306名二年级医学生进行了十次课堂演示，展示了两个TIME模拟。主要发现是，在小组环境中，三所学校的绝大多数学生都各自致力于模拟患者的护理和管理。他们表现得好像患者的问题是真实的，课程结束时感觉就像与一个真实的人进行了互动。因此，就模拟真实患者而言，TIME患者模拟模型得到了验证，为开发新的以患者为中心的方法在课堂环境中教授和测试医学生提供了基础。自1988年以来，该项目一直在乔治敦大学医学院，该模型正被引入现有的课程中。目前，它被用作二年级学生期末考试的一部分，以及四年级内科实习学生讨论小组的一部分。一项使用TIME模型评估三年级学生临床表现的实地测试也正在进行中。
