Veterinary Poisons Information Service, Medical Toxicology Information Services, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Mary Sheridan House, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, SE1 9RT, UK.
Vet Rec. 2011 Dec 3;169(23):607. doi: 10.1136/vr.d4695. Epub 2011 Aug 25.
This retrospective study examined cases with follow-up reported to the Veterinary Poisons Information Service (VPIS) between September 1985 and December 2010. Most bites (69.2 per cent) occurred between April and July, particularly between 15:00 and 16:00 hours. Adder bites were more frequently reported in the south-east of England, particularly in Surrey. Swelling to the face and limbs was common, as was lethargy, depression, hyperthermia and tachycardia. About two-thirds of dogs developed both systemic and local effects, while a third developed local effects alone. Initial clinical effects usually occurred within two hours, with full recovery typically occurring five days after the bite. Antivenom was used in 55.9 per cent of cases and appeared to significantly reduce duration of oedema from an average of 94 to 47 hours. Adder bites can cause significant morbidity (97 per cent of dogs were symptomatic), but mortality is low (4.6 per cent died).
本回顾性研究调查了 1985 年 9 月至 2010 年 12 月向兽医毒物信息服务（VPIS）报告的病例。大多数咬伤（69.2%）发生在 4 月至 7 月之间，尤其是在 15:00 至 16:00 小时之间。蝰蛇咬伤更常发生在英格兰东南部，特别是在萨里。面部和四肢肿胀很常见，还有嗜睡、抑郁、发热和心动过速。大约三分之二的狗同时出现全身和局部症状，而三分之一的狗只出现局部症状。最初的临床症状通常在两小时内出现，咬伤后五天通常会完全恢复。在 55.9%的病例中使用了抗蛇毒血清，这似乎显著缩短了肿胀的持续时间，从平均 94 小时减少到 47 小时。蝰蛇咬伤会导致严重的发病率（97%的狗出现症状），但死亡率很低（4.6%死亡）。
