Center for Bioethics, Health and Society at Wake Forest University, USA.
J Law Med Ethics. 2011 Fall;39(3):488-501. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2011.00616.x.
This essay examines conceptual difficulties with one of the ways in which justice has been understood and applied the ethical and regulatory review of human research. Justice requires the fair distribution of the benefits and burdens of research. Class membership is seen as justifying inclusion in higher hazard-no benefit research from which members of potentially vulnerable classes, such as children, typically would be excluded. I argue that class membership does not do the justificatory work it is thought to do and that the use of class membership to justify inclusion in higher hazard-no benefit research leads to unjustified discrimination of sick children and offers special protections to healthy children.
本文探讨了在理解和应用正义的一种方式时所面临的概念性困难，这种方式是对人类研究进行伦理和监管审查。正义要求公平分配研究的利益和负担。阶级成员身份被视为有理由参与高风险-无受益研究，而潜在弱势群体（如儿童）通常会被排除在这类研究之外。我认为，阶级成员身份并没有起到人们认为它应该起到的证明作用，而且利用阶级成员身份来证明参与高风险-无受益研究是合理的，这导致了对患病儿童的不合理歧视，并为健康儿童提供了特殊保护。
