Toledano A, Álvarez M I, López-Rodríguez A B, Toledano-Díaz A, Fernández-Verdecia C I
Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid, España.
Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid, España.
Neurologia. 2014 Jan-Feb;29(1):42-55. doi: 10.1016/j.nrl.2011.05.004. Epub 2011 Aug 25.
In the ageing process there are some species of non-human primates which can show some of the defining characteristics of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) of man, both in neuropathological changes and cognitive-behavioural symptoms. The study of these species is of prime importance to understand AD and develop therapies to combat this neurodegenerative disease.
In this second part of the study, these AD features are discussed in the most important non-experimental AD models (Mouse Lemur -Microcebus murinus, Caribbean vervet -Chlorocebus aethiops, and the Rhesus and stump-tailed macaque -Macaca mulatta and M. arctoides) and experimental models (lesional, neurotoxic, pharmacological, immunological, etc.) non-human primates. In all these models cerebral amyloid neuropathology can occur in senility, although with different levels of incidence (100% in vervets;<30% in macaques). The differences between normal and pathological (Alzheimer's) senility in these species are difficult to establish due to the lack of cognitive-behavioural studies in the many groups analysed, as well as the controversy in the results of these studies when they were carried out. However, in some macaques, a correlation between a high degree of functional brain impairment and a large number of neuropathological changes ("possible AD") has been found.
In some non-human primates, such as the macaque, the existence of a possible continuum between "normal" ageing process, "normal" ageing with no deep neuropathological and cognitive-behavioural changes, and "pathological ageing" (or "Alzheimer type ageing"), may be considered. In other cases, such as the Caribbean vervet, neuropathological changes are constant and quite marked, but its impact on cognition and behaviour does not seem to be very important. This does assume the possible existence in the human senile physiological regression of a stable phase without dementia even if neuropathological changes appeared.
在衰老过程中，有一些非人类灵长类物种在神经病理变化和认知行为症状方面都能表现出人类阿尔茨海默病（AD）的一些典型特征。对这些物种的研究对于理解AD以及开发对抗这种神经退行性疾病的疗法至关重要。
在本研究的第二部分，将在最重要的非实验性AD模型（小鼠狐猴 - 倭狐猴、加勒比绿猴 - 埃塞俄比亚绿猴以及恒河猴和短尾猕猴 - 猕猴和熊猴）和实验性模型（损伤性、神经毒性、药理学、免疫学等）非人类灵长类动物中讨论这些AD特征。在所有这些模型中，脑淀粉样神经病理学可在衰老过程中出现，尽管发病率不同（绿猴中为100%；猕猴中<30%）。由于在许多分析的群体中缺乏认知行为研究，以及这些研究开展时结果存在争议，因此难以确定这些物种中正常衰老与病理性（阿尔茨海默病）衰老之间的差异。然而，在一些猕猴中，已发现高度的功能性脑损伤与大量神经病理变化（“可能的AD”）之间存在相关性。
在一些非人类灵长类动物中，如猕猴，可能存在“正常”衰老过程、无深度神经病理和认知行为变化的“正常”衰老以及“病理性衰老”（或“阿尔茨海默病型衰老”）之间的连续体。在其他情况下，如加勒比绿猴，神经病理变化是持续且相当明显的，但其对认知和行为的影响似乎并不十分重要。这确实假定即使出现神经病理变化，人类老年生理衰退中也可能存在一个无痴呆的稳定阶段。
