Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China.
Environ Pollut. 2011 Dec;159(12):3536-44. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.08.013. Epub 2011 Aug 25.
Urban soil Pb contamination is a great human health risk. Lead distribution and source in topsoils from 14 parks in Shanghai, China were investigated along an urban-rural gradient. Topsoils were contaminated averagely with 65 mg Pb kg(-1), 2.5 times higher than local soil background concentrations. HCl-extracts contained more anthropogenic Pb signatures than total sample digests as revealed by the higher (207/206)Pb and (208/206)Pb ratios in extracts (0.8613 ± 0.0094 and 2.1085 ± 0.0121 versus total digests 0.8575 ± 0.0098 and 2.0959 ± 0.0116). This suggests a higher sensitivity of HCl-extraction than total digestion in identifying anthropogenic Pb sources. Coal combustion emission was identified as the major anthropogenic Pb source (averagely 47%) while leaded gasoline emission contributed 12% overall. Urbanization effects were observed by total Pb content and anthropogenic Pb contribution. This study suggests that to reduce Pb contamination, Shanghai might have to change its energy composition to clean energy.
城市土壤 Pb 污染对人类健康构成重大威胁。本研究沿城乡梯度调查了中国上海 14 个公园表层土壤中的 Pb 分布和来源。与当地土壤背景浓度相比，表层土壤平均受到 65mg Pb kg(-1)的污染，其污染程度是背景浓度的 2.5 倍。HCl 提取的 Pb 更具有人为来源特征，这反映在提取液中更高的 (207/206)Pb 和 (208/206)Pb 比值（分别为 0.8613 ± 0.0094 和 2.1085 ± 0.0121，而全消解样品分别为 0.8575 ± 0.0098 和 2.0959 ± 0.0116）。这表明与全消解相比，HCl 提取对识别人为 Pb 源具有更高的敏感性。燃煤排放被认为是主要的人为 Pb 源（平均占 47%），而含铅汽油的总排放量为 12%。通过总 Pb 含量和人为 Pb 贡献可以观察到城市化效应。本研究表明，为了减少 Pb 污染，上海可能需要改变其能源结构，采用清洁能源。
