Teagasc, Pig Development Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
J Anim Sci. 2012 Jan;90(1):373-80. doi: 10.2527/jas.2010-3453. Epub 2011 Aug 26.
The aim of this study was to compare a split marketing (SM) strategy, in which the heaviest pigs in a group are removed and slaughtered earlier than the others, with an all-out (AO) marketing strategy, in which all pigs are removed from the pen simultaneously and slaughtered on the same day, in terms of welfare, performance, and carcass traits of noncastrated (i.e., intact) male and female pigs. The experimental treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial array with 1) marketing strategy (SM vs. AO) and 2) sex (males vs. females), which yielded 4 treatment groups of 14 pigs (73.1 ± 4.8 kg): male SM, male AO, female SM, and female AO (7 replicates/group). Pigs in AO groups were all slaughtered after 6 wk on trial, whereas in SM groups the 3 heaviest pigs were removed and slaughtered 2 wk before the remainder of the group, which were slaughtered at the same time as the AO pigs. Pigs were fed a liquid diet from a long trough 3 times daily. Behavioral observations were conducted before and after SM, the day of SM, and 1 and 2 wk later. Behavior was recorded both during and between feed events, and skin lesions were scored on all, except the 3 pigs removed from SM groups before and 2 wk after SM. Growth performance, feed efficiency, and carcass traits were recorded. The number of aggressive interactions during feed events decreased after the 3 pigs were removed from SM groups. This reduction in aggressive interactions was observed on the day of SM in male groups (before SM: 24.3 vs. the day of SM: 14.7, SED = 3.31, P < 0.05 for interaction) and in subsequent observations in female groups (before SM: 21.4 vs. days after SM: 13.4, SED = 3.31, P < 0.05 for interaction). However, SM had no effect on behaviors recorded between feed events or on the number and severity of skin lesions (P > 0.10). There were no differences between the 11 remaining pigs in SM groups and the 14 pigs in AO groups in terms of growth performance, feed efficiency, and carcass traits of female or intact male pigs (P > 0.10). However, reduced within-pen CV in carcass weight was detected in pigs from SM groups compared with pigs from AO groups (8.6 vs. 10.9, SEM = 0.72, P < 0.05). Therefore, in restrictively fed pigs, a SM strategy improved the welfare of both female and intact male pigs by reducing aggressive interactions during feeding but had no effect on performance or carcass traits.
本研究旨在比较分割营销（SM）策略和全面营销（AO）策略，前者是将组内最重的猪提前 2 周挑出并屠宰，而后者是同时将所有猪从猪圈中挑出并在同一天屠宰。研究对象是非去势（即完整）公猪和母猪的福利、性能和胴体特征。实验处理采用 2×2 析因设计，其中 1）营销策略（SM 与 AO），2）性别（公猪与母猪），共 4 个处理组，每组 14 头猪（73.1±4.8kg）：公猪 SM、公猪 AO、母猪 SM 和母猪 AO（每组 7 个重复）。AO 组的所有猪在试验 6 周后全部屠宰，而 SM 组的 3 头最重的猪提前 2 周挑出并屠宰，其余猪与 AO 组的猪同时屠宰。猪通过长槽每天饲喂 3 次液体饲料。在 SM 前、SM 当天、1 周和 2 周后进行行为观察。在饲喂期间和之间记录行为，除了 SM 前和 SM 后 2 周从 SM 组中挑出的 3 头猪外，所有猪都要对皮肤损伤进行评分。记录生长性能、饲料效率和胴体特征。从 SM 组中挑出 3 头猪后，猪在饲喂期间的攻击性行为减少。在公猪组中，这种攻击性行为的减少在 SM 当天就观察到（SM 前：24.3 次，SM 当天：14.7 次，SED=3.31，P<0.05 为互作），在母猪组的后续观察中也观察到（SM 前：21.4 次，SM 后：13.4 次，SED=3.31，P<0.05 为互作）。然而，SM 对饲料之间记录的行为或皮肤损伤的数量和严重程度没有影响（P>0.10）。SM 组的 11 头猪和 AO 组的 14 头猪在母猪或非去势公猪的生长性能、饲料效率和胴体特征方面没有差异（P>0.10）。然而，与 AO 组相比，SM 组的猪的胴体重量的个体间变异系数（CV）降低（8.6 比 10.9，SEM=0.72，P<0.05）。因此，在限制饲养的猪中，SM 策略通过减少饲喂期间的攻击性行为改善了母猪和非去势公猪的福利，但对性能或胴体特征没有影响。
