Patterns of relapse in patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung treated with adriamycin-cyclophosphamide chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

Twenty-seven patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung were treated sequentially with induction chemotherapy (adriamycin and cyclophosphamide), radiation therapy (chest and whole-brain), and then maintenance chemotherapy for 2 years. Twenty responding patients were followed to relapse and patterns of recurrence were observed. This combined treatment resulted in a complete remission rate of 80% and a median survival of 565 days in limited-disease patients. Relapse overwhelmingly occurred in the chest, but patients receiving higher-dose radiation (4000-4500 rads in split-course) had a significant prolongation of time to recurrence compared to patients receiving 3000 rads in a single course of radiation (540 versus 270 days). Despite a long mean survival, only one limited-disease patient relapsed outside of the brain or chest, suggesting that chemotherapy had a good protective effect against micrometastatic disease. Three patients relapsed in the brain at 330, 450, and 520 days, suggesting that in future studies the prophylactic whole-brain radiation (3000 rads) should be intensified.