Salacz Pál, Hidasi Zoltán, Csibri Eva
Semmelweis Egyetem, Pszichiátriai és Pszichoterápiás Klinika, Budapest, Hungary.
Neuropsychopharmacol Hung. 2011 Sep;13(3):145-51. doi: 10.5706/nph201109003.
Certain psychiatric diseases have biological pathomechanisms, and as a result they are accompanied by various neurological symptoms. Neurological examination is a simple method to assess these symptoms. Neurological signs come in two varieties; they are either of the hard or the soft type. Hard symptoms appear primarily in organic psychiatric disorders or as side effects of psychiatric therapy. They can also be encountered during neurological diseases of psychiatric patients. Their use in diagnostics and therapy is widely accepted. In contrast, soft neurological symptoms often stay unnoticed, even though they may contain important pieces of information. For this reason they will form the focus of our discussion. Soft neurological symptoms have been studied in different psychiatric disorder-groups. Up to now most attention has been devoted to schizophrenia. The study suggests that the soft symptoms are trait markers of schizophrenia. Furthermore they also signal disease activity and predict the outcome of the disease. Neurological symptoms are also important pointers for psychiatry. However, more systematic studies may increase the theoretical and practical implications of soft symptoms.
某些精神疾病具有生物学发病机制，因此会伴有各种神经症状。神经学检查是评估这些症状的一种简单方法。神经体征有两种类型，即硬性体征和软性体征。硬性症状主要出现在器质性精神障碍中，或作为精神治疗的副作用。在精神病患者的神经系统疾病中也可能出现。它们在诊断和治疗中的应用已被广泛接受。相比之下，软性神经症状往往未被注意到，尽管它们可能包含重要信息。因此，它们将成为我们讨论的焦点。软性神经症状已在不同的精神障碍组中进行了研究。到目前为止，大多数注意力都集中在精神分裂症上。研究表明，软性症状是精神分裂症的特质标记。此外，它们还表明疾病活动并预测疾病的结果。神经症状对精神病学也很重要。然而，更系统的研究可能会增加软性症状的理论和实际意义。
