Paudel R, Pradhan B
Community Medicine and Family Health Department, Maharajgunj Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal.
J Nepal Health Res Counc. 2010 Oct;8(2):86-90.
Health-care waste is a by-product of health care. Its poor management exposes health-care workers, waste handlers and the community to infections, toxic effects and injuries including damage of the environment. It also creates opportunities for the collection of disposable medical equipment, its re-sale and potential re-use without sterilization, which causes an important burden of disease worldwide. The purpose of this study was to find out health care waste management practice in hospital.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Narayani Sub-Regional Hospital, Birgunj from May to October 2006 using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Study population was four different departments of the hospital (Medical/Paediatric, Surgical/Ortho, Gynae/Obstetric and Emergency), Medical Superintendent, In-charges of four different departments and all sweepers. Data was collected using interview, group discussion, observation and measurement by weight and volume.
Total health-care waste generated was 128.4 kg per day while 0.8 kg per patient per day. The composition of health care waste was found to be 96.8 kg (75.4%) general waste, 24.1 kg (8.8%) hazardous waste and 7.5 kg (5.8%) sharps per day by weight. Health staffs and sweepers were not practicing the waste segregation. Occupational health and safety was not given due attention. Majority of the sweepers were unaware of waste management and need of safety measures to protect their own health.
Health care waste management practice in the hospital was unsatisfactory because of the lack of waste management plan and carelessness of patients, visitors and staffs. Therefore the hospital should develop the waste management plan and strictly follow the National Health Care Waste Management Guideline.
医疗废物是医疗保健的副产品。其管理不善使医护人员、废物处理人员和社区面临感染、毒性作用和伤害，包括对环境的破坏。它还为一次性医疗设备的收集、转售和未经消毒的潜在再利用创造了机会，这在全球范围内造成了重大的疾病负担。本研究的目的是了解医院的医疗废物管理实践。
2006年5月至10月，在比尔根杰的纳拉亚尼次区域医院采用定性和定量方法进行了一项横断面研究。研究人群包括医院的四个不同科室（内科/儿科、外科/骨科、妇科/产科和急诊科）、医务主任、四个不同科室的负责人以及所有清洁工。通过访谈、小组讨论、观察以及重量和体积测量来收集数据。
每天产生的医疗废物总量为128.4千克，即每位患者每天产生0.8千克。按重量计算，医疗废物的组成每天为96.8千克（75.4%）一般废物、24.1千克（8.
