Gray Sarah L, Lee Justine A, Hovda Lynn R, Brutlag Ahna G
Section of Emergency and Critical Care, Department of Clinical Studies, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2011 Sep 1;239(5):646-51. doi: 10.2460/javma.239.5.646.
To evaluate records of dogs exposed to zinc phosphide rodenticides and characterize the patient population, including breed, sex, age, body weight, time since exposure, development of clinical signs, clinical signs observed, treatments performed, veterinary care received, outcome, and overall prognosis.
Retrospective case series.
362 dogs with presumed zinc phosphide exposure.
An electronic computer database from an animal poison control center was searched to identify dogs that ingested zinc phosphide between November 2004 and July 2009.
Accurate information regarding development of clinical signs was available in 94.5% (342/362) of cases. Over half the dogs (58.8% [201/342]) did not develop clinical signs, and specific clinical signs were reported for the remaining 41.2% (141/342) of dogs. There were 180 total clinical signs recorded for these 141 dogs, with some dogs having developed > 1 category of clinical signs. Clinical signs involving the gastrointestinal tract were the most commonly reported type of clinical sign (66.7% [n = 120/180 reported signs]), followed by generalized malaise (17.8% [32/180]), CNS signs (8.9% [16/180]), respiratory signs (3.3% [6/180]), and cardiovascular signs (1.7% [3/180]). Approximately 65% (234/362) of patients received veterinary care (including decontamination via induction of emesis, gastric lavage, or activated charcoal administration), and of these dogs, 51.3% (120/234) were hospitalized. For the 296 dogs for which survival data were available, the survival rate was 98.3% (291/296).
Overall, the prognosis for zinc phosphide toxicosis was good. Zinc phosphide rodenticide toxicosis is a potential public health concern, and veterinary staff should be aware of this commonly used rodenticide.
评估接触磷化锌灭鼠剂的犬只记录，并对患犬群体进行特征描述，包括品种、性别、年龄、体重、接触后的时间、临床症状的出现情况、观察到的临床症状、所采取的治疗措施、接受的兽医护理、结局及总体预后。
回顾性病例系列研究。
362只疑似接触磷化锌的犬只。
检索动物中毒控制中心的电子计算机数据库，以识别2004年11月至2009年7月期间摄入磷化锌的犬只。
94.5%（342/362）的病例可获得有关临床症状出现情况的准确信息。超过半数的犬只（58.8%[201/342]）未出现临床症状，其余41.2%（141/342）的犬只报告了特定的临床症状。这141只犬只共记录到180种临床症状，有些犬只出现了>1类临床症状。涉及胃肠道的临床症状是最常报告的临床症状类型（66.7%[n = 120/180报告症状]），其次是全身不适（17.8%[32/180]）、中枢神经系统症状（8.9%[16/180]）、呼吸系统症状（3.3%[6/180]）和心血管系统症状（1.7%[3/180]）。约65%（234/362）的患犬接受了兽医护理（包括通过催吐、洗胃或给予活性炭进行去污），在这些犬只中，51.3%（120/234）住院治疗。对于有生存数据的296只犬只，生存率为98.3%（291/296）。
总体而言，磷化锌中毒的预后良好。磷化锌灭鼠剂中毒是一个潜在的公共卫生问题，兽医工作人员应了解这种常用的灭鼠剂。
