Why the 1948 MRC trial of streptomycin used treatment allocation based on random numbers.
作者信息
Chalmers Iain
机构信息
James Lind Initiative, Summertown Pavilion, Middle Way, Oxford OX2 7LG, UK.
出版信息
J R Soc Med. 2011 Sep;104(9):383-6. doi: 10.1258/jrsm.2011.11k023.
Abstract
摘要
相似文献
1
Why the 1948 MRC trial of streptomycin used treatment allocation based on random numbers.为何1948年医学研究委员会的链霉素试验采用基于随机数字的治疗分配方法。
J R Soc Med. 2011 Sep;104(9):383-6. doi: 10.1258/jrsm.2011.11k023.
2
The MRC randomized trial of streptomycin and its legacy: a view from the clinical front line.医学研究委员会关于链霉素的随机试验及其影响：临床一线视角
J R Soc Med. 2006 Oct;99(10):531-4. doi: 10.1177/014107680609901017.
3
The landscape and lexicon of blinding in randomized trials.随机试验中致盲的情况与术语
Ann Intern Med. 2002 Feb 5;136(3):254-9. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-136-3-200202050-00022.
4
Size isn't everything.
Stat Med. 2002 Oct 15;21(19):2807-14. doi: 10.1002/sim.1284.
5
Use of randomisation in the Medical Research Council's clinical trial of streptomycin in pulmonary tuberculosis in the 1940s.20世纪40年代医学研究委员会在肺结核链霉素临床试验中随机化方法的应用。
BMJ. 1998 Oct 31;317(7167):1220-3. doi: 10.1136/bmj.317.7167.1220.
6
How randomized clinical trials came into their own.随机临床试验是如何发展起来的。
J Natl Cancer Inst. 1998 Sep 2;90(17):1257-8. doi: 10.1093/jnci/90.17.1257-a.
7
The Emergence of the Randomized, Controlled Trial.随机对照试验的出现
N Engl J Med. 2016 Aug 11;375(6):501-4. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1604635.
8
First publication of an individually randomized trial.一项个体随机试验的首次发表。
Control Clin Trials. 1999 Aug;20(4):367-8. doi: 10.1016/s0197-2456(99)00015-x.
9
A change in scientific approach: from alternation to randomised allocation in clinical trials in the 1940s.科学方法的转变：20世纪40年代临床试验中从交替分配到随机分配。
BMJ. 1999 Aug 28;319(7209):572-3. doi: 10.1136/bmj.319.7209.572.
10
A statistical note on the analysis of the 1948 MRC streptomycin trial.关于1948年医学研究委员会链霉素试验分析的统计学说明。
J R Soc Med. 2016 Aug;109(8):312. doi: 10.1177/0141076816659004.
引用本文的文献
1
The disservice of publishing preliminary results based on a premature hypothesis - Semmelweis' ordeal revisited.基于不成熟假设发表初步结果的危害——重温塞麦尔维斯的磨难
Med Health Care Philos. 2025 Jun;28(2):261-273. doi: 10.1007/s11019-025-10257-8. Epub 2025 Feb 13.
2
Genome-based assessment of antimicrobial resistance reveals the lineage specificity of resistance and resistance gene profiles in from China.基于基因组的抗生素耐药性评估揭示了中国 中的耐药性和耐药基因特征的谱系特异性。
Microbiol Spectr. 2024 Feb 6;12(2):e0313223. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.03132-23. Epub 2024 Jan 3.
3
Key considerations for designing, conducting and analysing a cluster randomized trial.设计、实施和分析整群随机试验的关键考量因素。
Int J Epidemiol. 2023 Oct 5;52(5):1648-1658. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyad064.
4
Carl Liebermeister and the emergence of modern medical statistics. Part 3: 19th-century criticism and a paradigm lost.卡尔·利伯迈斯特与现代医学统计学的兴起。第3部分：19世纪的批判与一种失落的范式。
J R Soc Med. 2022 Apr;115(4):145-149. doi: 10.1177/01410768221082392.
5
Learning in times of stress: Lessons from COVID-19 that will last throughout this century.在压力下学习：COVID-19 带来的将贯穿本世纪的经验教训。
Eur J Intern Med. 2022 Feb;96:1-4. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2021.11.002. Epub 2021 Nov 12.
6
Consistently Modest Antidepressant Effects in Clinical Trials: the Role of Regulatory Requirements.临床试验中持续存在的抗抑郁药疗效不显著：监管要求的作用。
Psychopharmacol Bull. 2021 Jun 1;51(3):79-108.
7
The conundrum of depression clinical trials: one size does not fit all.抑郁症临床试验的难题：一刀切并不适用。
Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2018 Sep;33(5):239-248. doi: 10.1097/YIC.0000000000000229.
8
John Guyett Scadding's scepticism and pragmatism in addressing treatment uncertainties in clinical practice.约翰·盖伊特·斯卡丁在应对临床实践中治疗不确定性时的怀疑主义和实用主义。
J R Soc Med. 2018 Feb;111(2):65-72. doi: 10.1177/0141076818755074.
9
Management of non-syndromic dens evaginatus affecting permanent maxillary central incisors: a systematic review.影响恒上颌中切牙的非综合征型牙内陷的管理：一项系统评价
BMJ Case Rep. 2016 Oct 5;2016:bcr2016216672. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2016-216672.
10
"Threshold-crossing": A Useful Way to Establish the Counterfactual in Clinical Trials?“阈值跨越”：在临床试验中确立反事实的有用方法？
Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Dec;100(6):699-712. doi: 10.1002/cpt.515. Epub 2016 Oct 19.
本文引用的文献
1
THE SERUM TREATMENT OF LOBAR PNEUMONIA: A REPORT OF THE THERAPEUTIC TRIALS COMMITTEE OF THE MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL.大叶性肺炎的血清治疗：医学研究理事会治疗试验委员会报告
Br Med J. 1934 Feb 10;1(3814):241-5.
2
ON RECENT PROGRESS IN THE SERUMTHERAPY OF PLAGUE.论鼠疫血清疗法的近期进展
Br Med J. 1908 May 30;1(2474):1282-4. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.2474.1282.
3
Nineteenth-century controlled trials to test whether belladonna prevents scarlet fever.19世纪进行的对照试验，以测试颠茄是否能预防猩红热。
J R Soc Med. 2009 Dec;102(12):549-50. doi: 10.1258/jrsm.2009.09k040.
4
Explaining the unbiased creation of treatment comparison groups.解释治疗比较组的无偏创建。
Lancet. 2009 Nov 14;374(9702):1670-1. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61981-4.
5
Jesse Bullowa, specific treatment for pneumonia, and the development of the controlled clinical trial.杰西·布洛瓦、肺炎的特效疗法与对照临床试验的发展
J R Soc Med. 2009 May;102(5):203-7. doi: 10.1258/jrsm.2009.09k003.
6
STREPTOMYCIN treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.链霉素治疗肺结核。
Br Med J. 1948 Oct 30;2(4582):769-82.
7
Commentary: the 1944 patulin trial: the first properly controlled multicentre trial conducted under the aegis of the British Medical Research Council.评论：1944年棒曲霉素试验：在英国医学研究委员会支持下开展的首个严格对照的多中心试验。
Int J Epidemiol. 2004 Apr;33(2):253-60. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyh162.
8
The introduction of mathematical statistics into medical research: the roles of Karl Pearson, Major Greenwood and Austin Bradford Hill.数理统计在医学研究中的引入：卡尔·皮尔逊、梅杰·格林伍德和奥斯汀·布拉德福德·希尔的作用。
Clio Med. 2002;67:95-123. doi: 10.1163/9789004333512_005.
9
Casting and drawing lots: a time honoured way of dealing with uncertainty and ensuring fairness.抽签和抓阄：一种处理不确定性和确保公平的由来已久的方式。
BMJ. 2001;323(7327):1467-8. doi: 10.1136/bmj.323.7327.1467.
10
Comparing like with like: some historical milestones in the evolution of methods to create unbiased comparison groups in therapeutic experiments.同类相比：治疗性实验中创建无偏倚对照组方法演变的一些历史里程碑。
Int J Epidemiol. 2001 Oct;30(5):1156-64. doi: 10.1093/ije/30.5.1156.
Zotero 插件