Department of Medicine, Fortis Escorts Hospital, Jaipur, India.
J Hum Hypertens. 2012 Oct;26(10):585-93. doi: 10.1038/jhh.2011.79. Epub 2011 Sep 1.
Hypertension is an important public health problem in India. To determine its prevalence, awareness, treatment and control among women, we performed a nationwide study. Population-based studies among women aged 35-70 years were performed in four urban and five rural locations. Stratified sampling was performed and we enrolled 4608 (rural 2604 and urban 2004) of the targeted 8000 (57%). Demographic details, medical history, diet, physical activity, anthropometry and blood pressure (BP) were recorded. Descriptive statistics are reported. Logistic regression was performed to determine the association of hypertension and its awareness, treatment and control with socioeconomic factors. Age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension (known or BP≥140/≥90 mm Hg) was observed in 1672 women (39.2%) (rural 746, 31.5%; urban 926, 48.2%). Significant determinants of hypertension were urban location, greater literacy, high dietary fat, low fibre intake, obesity and truncal obesity (P<0.01). Hypertension awareness was noted in 727 women (42.8%), more in urban (529, 56.8%) than in rural (198, 24.6%). Of these, 38.6% of the women were on treatment (urban 35.7, rural 46.5) and of those treated, controlled blood pressure (<140 and <90 mm Hg) was observed in 21.5% (urban 28.3 vs 10.2). Among hypertensive subjects, treatment was noted in 18.3% (rural 13.1, urban 22.5) and control in 3.9% (rural 1.3, urban 5.9). A significant determinant of low awareness, treatment and control was rural location (multivariate-adjusted P<0.05). There is a high prevalence of hypertension in middle-aged Asian Indian women. Very low awareness, treatment and control status are observed.
高血压是印度一个重要的公共卫生问题。为了确定女性高血压的患病率、知晓率、治疗率和控制率，我们进行了一项全国性研究。在四个城市和五个农村地区，对 35-70 岁的女性进行了基于人群的研究。采用分层抽样，共纳入 8000 名目标人群中的 4608 名（农村 2604 名，城市 2004 名）（占 57%）。记录了人口统计学资料、病史、饮食、体力活动、人体测量学和血压（BP）。报告了描述性统计数据。采用 logistic 回归分析了高血压及其知晓率、治疗率和控制率与社会经济因素的关系。在 1672 名女性（39.2%）（农村 746 名，31.5%；城市 926 名，48.2%）中观察到年龄调整后的高血压（已知或 BP≥140/≥90mmHg）患病率。高血压的显著决定因素为城市位置、较高的文化程度、较高的饮食脂肪、较低的纤维摄入、肥胖和躯干肥胖（P<0.01）。在 727 名女性（42.8%）中注意到高血压知晓率，城市（529 名，56.8%）高于农村（198 名，24.6%）。其中，38.6%的女性接受了治疗（城市 35.7%，农村 46.5%），在接受治疗的女性中，有 21.5%（城市 28.3% vs 农村 10.2%）的血压得到控制（<140 和 <90mmHg）。在高血压患者中，农村有 18.3%（农村 13.1%，城市 22.5%）接受了治疗，控制率为 3.9%（农村 1.3%，城市 5.9%）。农村地区是低知晓率、治疗率和控制率的重要决定因素（多变量调整后 P<0.05）。中年亚裔印度女性高血压患病率很高，知晓率、治疗率和控制率均很低。
