All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Int J Cardiol. 2013 Feb 20;163(2):157-62. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.06.008. Epub 2011 Aug 30.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most important cause of death amongst middle-aged Indian women. To determine prevalence of CVD risk factors and their determinants we performed a nationwide study.
Population based studies amongst women 35-70 years were performed in four urban and five rural locations in India. Location based stratified sampling was performed and we enrolled 4624 (rural 2616, urban 2008) of eligible 8000 women (58%). Demographic details, medical history, diet, physical activity and anthropometry were recorded using standardised techniques. Blood haemoglobin, glucose and total cholesterol were determined. Risk factors were diagnosed using current guidelines. Descriptive statistics are reported. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify determinants of urban-rural differences.
In urban women mean body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-hip ratio (WHR), systolic BP, haemoglobin, fasting glucose and cholesterol were significantly greater (p<0.01). Age-adjusted prevalence of risk factors (%) in urban vs rural was of obesity BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2) (45.6 vs 22.5), truncal obesity WHR>0.9 (44.3 vs 13.0), hypertension (37.5 vs 29.3), hypercholesterolemia ≥ 200 mg/dl (27.7 vs 13.5), and diabetes (15.1 vs 4.3) greater whilst any tobacco use (19.6 vs 41.6) or smoking lower. Significant determinants of urban-rural differences were greater income and literacy, dietary fats, low physical activity, obesity and truncal obesity (p<0.01).
Greater prevalence of CVD risk factors in urban middle-aged women is explained by greater income and literacy, dietary fat, low physical activity and obesity.
心血管疾病（CVD）是印度中年女性死亡的最重要原因。为了确定 CVD 危险因素及其决定因素的流行情况，我们进行了一项全国性研究。
在印度的四个城市和五个农村地区进行了 35-70 岁女性的基于人群的研究。采用基于地点的分层抽样方法，共招募了 4624 名（农村 2616 名，城市 2008 名）符合条件的 8000 名女性（58%）。使用标准化技术记录人口统计学细节、病史、饮食、身体活动和人体测量学。测定血红蛋白、血糖和总胆固醇。使用当前指南诊断危险因素。报告描述性统计数据。进行逐步多元逻辑回归分析，以确定城乡差异的决定因素。
在城市女性中，平均体重指数（BMI）、腰围、腰臀比（WHR）、收缩压、血红蛋白、空腹血糖和胆固醇显著更高（p<0.01）。经年龄调整后，城市与农村的危险因素患病率（%）分别为肥胖 BMI≥25kg/m2（45.6%比 22.5%）、躯干肥胖 WHR>0.9（44.3%比 13.0%）、高血压（37.5%比 29.3%）、高胆固醇血症≥200mg/dl（27.7%比 13.5%）和糖尿病（15.1%比 4.3%）更高，而任何烟草使用（19.6%比 41.6%）或吸烟较低。城乡差异的显著决定因素是更高的收入和文化程度、饮食中的脂肪、低体力活动、肥胖和躯干肥胖（p<0.01）。
城市中年女性 CVD 危险因素的患病率较高，这与较高的收入和文化程度、饮食中的脂肪、低体力活动和肥胖有关。
