School of Psychology, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia 4222.
Child Dev. 2011 Sep-Oct;82(5):1594-606. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01637.x. Epub 2011 Aug 29.
The effects of social group norms (inclusion vs. exclusion vs. exclusion-plus-relational aggression) and school norms (inclusion vs. no norm) on 7- and 10-year-old children's intergroup attitudes were examined. Children (n = 383) were randomly assigned to a group with an inclusion or exclusion norm, and to 1 of the school norm conditions. Findings indicated that children's out-group attitudes reflected their group's norm but, with increasing age, they liked their in-group less, and the out-group more, if the group had an exclusion norm. The school inclusion norm instigated more positive attitudes toward out-group members, but it did not moderate or extinguish contrary group norms. The use of school norms to counteract the effects of children's social group norms is discussed.
本研究旨在探讨社会群体规范（包容、排斥、排斥加关系攻击）和学校规范（包容、无规范）对 7 至 10 岁儿童群体态度的影响。研究采用随机分组的方式，将 383 名儿童分配到具有包容或排斥规范的群体中，并置于 1 种学校规范条件下。研究结果表明，儿童的外群体态度反映了其所在群体的规范，但随着年龄的增长，如果群体具有排斥规范，他们会更喜欢自己的内群体，而对外群体的态度则更为消极。学校的包容规范会促使儿童对其他群体成员产生更积极的态度，但它并不能调节或消除相反的群体规范。本研究还讨论了利用学校规范来抵消儿童社会群体规范影响的问题。
