D'Esterre Alexander P, Samuelson Arvid, Killen Melanie
Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland.
Cogn Dev. 2022 Apr-Jun;62. doi: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2022.101168. Epub 2022 Mar 12.
To determine whether children will exclude or punish a peer who creates an unfair advantage in an intergroup team context, four-to ten-year-old participants ( = 120, = 6.87) were assigned a team membership and evaluated unintentional and intentional unfair advantages created by a character. Children were more likely to endorse punishment and exclusion responses when reasoning about an opponent than a teammate. This difference between groups was not observed when in-group and out-group members reasoned about punishing a character who intentionally created an unfair advantage. Older children were less likely to endorse exclusion than younger participants. Further, older children and in-group members utilized punishment more frequently than exclusion. Taken together this demonstrates that the group identity and the age of the child influences the ways in which children endorse responses to transgressions. These findings increase our understanding regarding children's conceptions of fairness responses to transgressions in intergroup contexts.
为了确定儿童是否会排斥或惩罚在群体间团队环境中创造不公平优势的同伴，研究人员将4至10岁的参与者（n = 120，M = 6.87）分配到一个团队中，并评估一个角色创造的无意和有意的不公平优势。与队友相比，儿童在推理对手时更有可能支持惩罚和排斥反应。当内群体和外群体成员推理惩罚一个故意创造不公平优势的角色时，没有观察到群体之间的这种差异。年龄较大的儿童比年龄较小的参与者更不可能支持排斥。此外，年龄较大的儿童和内群体成员比排斥更频繁地使用惩罚。综上所述，这表明儿童的群体身份和年龄会影响他们支持对违规行为作出反应的方式。这些发现增进了我们对儿童在群体间背景下对违规行为的公平反应概念的理解。
