Health Surveillance Group of Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal.
Lett Appl Microbiol. 2011 Nov;53(5):518-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2011.03139.x. Epub 2011 Sep 20.
To detect Pseudomonas aeruginosa in water and treatment equipment biofilms of a thermae hydropathic facility and to study antibiotic susceptibility and genetic diversity.
One hundred and fifty-four planktonic isolates were obtained from 2220 water samples during 4 years. Seventy-two biofilm isolates were obtained from 23 samples of inner parts of three inhalation equipments. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by disc diffusion. All isolates were susceptible to tested antimicrobials, except two biofilm isolates and one planktonic isolate. Twenty-one resistant mutants were observed (nine from biofilms), mostly with imipenem (IP) resistance (81%), by diminished expression of OprD porin, as it was observed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Random amplification polymorphic DNA showed a genetically heterogeneous population that is spread through the entire system and persistent in time. IP resistance mutation ability was spread through the population.
The permanent assessment of Ps. aeruginosa is necessary not only in water, as expressed in official programmes, but also in equipments where biofilms are evident. Ps. aeruginosa was more prevalent in biofilm populations and presented higher ability to adapt to antibiotic pressure.
Twenty-one million people use thermae in Europe. Official microbiological quality control programmes only consider water surveillance. Present study proves the need of a review on current official programmes.
检测温泉水疗设施水和处理设备生物膜中的铜绿假单胞菌，并研究其抗生素敏感性和遗传多样性。
在 4 年期间，从 2220 份水样中获得了 154 株浮游菌分离株。从三个吸入设备内部的 23 个样本中获得了 72 株生物膜分离株。采用圆盘扩散法测定抗生素敏感性。除 2 株生物膜分离株和 1 株浮游菌分离株外，所有分离株均对测试的抗菌药物敏感。观察到 21 株耐药突变株（9 株来自生物膜），主要为亚胺培南（IP）耐药，通过十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）观察到 OprD 孔蛋白表达减少。随机扩增多态性 DNA 显示出遗传异质性的种群，分布在整个系统中并随时间持续存在。IP 耐药突变能力在种群中传播。
不仅在官方计划中表达的水中，而且在生物膜明显的设备中，都需要对铜绿假单胞菌进行持续评估。铜绿假单胞菌在生物膜种群中更为普遍，并且具有更高的适应抗生素压力的能力。
欧洲有 2100 万人使用温泉。官方微生物质量控制计划仅考虑水监测。本研究证明需要对当前的官方计划进行审查。
