Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Immunol Rev. 2011 Sep;243(1):40-60. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2011.01047.x.
Peptidoglycan is a conserved structural component of the bacterial cell wall with molecular motifs unique to bacteria. The mammalian immune system takes advantage of these properties and has evolved to recognize this microbial associated molecular pattern. Mammals have four secreted peptidoglycan recognition proteins, PGLYRP-1-4, as well as two intracellular sensors of peptidoglycan, Nod1 and Nod2. Recognition of peptidoglycan is important in initiating and shaping the immune response under both homeostatic and infection conditions. During infection, peptidoglycan recognition drives both cell-autonomous and whole-organism defense responses. Here, we examine recent advances in the understanding of how peptidoglycan recognition shapes mammalian immune responses in these diverse contexts.
肽聚糖是细菌细胞壁的一种保守结构成分，具有细菌特有的分子模体。哺乳动物的免疫系统利用这些特性，进化出了识别这种微生物相关分子模式的能力。哺乳动物有四种分泌型肽聚糖识别蛋白（PGLYRP-1-4），以及两种肽聚糖的细胞内传感器，Nod1 和 Nod2。在稳态和感染条件下，对肽聚糖的识别对于启动和塑造免疫反应都很重要。在感染过程中，肽聚糖的识别既驱动了细胞自主防御反应，也驱动了整个机体的防御反应。在这里，我们研究了在这些不同的背景下，肽聚糖识别如何塑造哺乳动物免疫反应的最新进展。
