Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center; Washington DC, USA.
Cancer Biol Ther. 2011 Nov 1;12(9):818-26. doi: 10.4161/cbt.12.9.17682.
Medulloblastoma is the most prevalent of childhood brain malignancies, constituting 25% of childhood brain tumors. Craniospinal radiotherapy is a standard of care, followed by a 12mo regimen of multi-agent chemotherapy. For children less than 3 y of age, irradiation is avoided due to its destructive effects on the developing nervous system. Long-term prognosis is worst for these youngest children and more effective treatment strategies with a better therapeutic index are needed. VMY-1-103, a novel dansylated analog of purvalanol B, was previously shown to inhibit cell cycle progression and proliferation in prostate and breast cancer cells more effectively than purvalanol B. In the current study, we have identified new mechanisms of action by which VMY-1-103 affected cellular proliferation in medulloblastoma cells. VMY-1-103, but not purvalanol B, significantly decreased the proportion of cells in S phase and increased the proportion of cells in G(2)/M. VMY-1-103 increased the sub G(1) fraction of apoptotic cells, induced PARP and caspase-3 cleavage and increased the levels of the Death Receptors DR4 and DR5, Bax and Bad while decreasing the number of viable cells, all supporting apoptosis as a mechanism of cell death. p21(CIP1/WAF1) levels were greatly suppressed. Importantly, we found that while both VMY and flavopiridol inhibited intracellular CDK1 catalytic activity, VMY-1-103 was unique in its ability to severely disrupt the mitotic spindle apparatus significantly delaying metaphase and disrupting mitosis. Our data suggest that VMY-1-103 possesses unique antiproliferative capabilities and that this compound may form the basis of a new candidate drug to treat medulloblastoma.
髓母细胞瘤是儿童最常见的脑恶性肿瘤,占儿童脑肿瘤的 25%。颅脊髓放疗是一种标准的治疗方法,随后是 12 个月的多药化疗方案。对于年龄小于 3 岁的儿童,由于其对发育中神经系统的破坏性影响,避免进行照射。对于这些最小的儿童,长期预后最差,需要更有效的治疗策略和更好的治疗指数。VMY-1-103 是 purvalanol B 的一种新型dansylated 类似物,先前已被证明在前列腺癌和乳腺癌细胞中比 purvalanol B 更有效地抑制细胞周期进程和增殖。在本研究中,我们确定了 VMY-1-103 影响髓母细胞瘤细胞细胞增殖的新作用机制。VMY-1-103 而不是 purvalanol B 显著降低了 S 期细胞的比例,并增加了 G2/M 期细胞的比例。VMY-1-103 增加了凋亡细胞的亚 G1 部分,诱导了 PARP 和 caspase-3 的切割,并增加了死亡受体 DR4 和 DR5、Bax 和 Bad 的水平,同时减少了活细胞的数量,所有这些都支持凋亡作为细胞死亡的机制。p21(CIP1/WAF1)水平大大受到抑制。重要的是,我们发现,虽然 VMY 和 flavopiridol 都抑制了细胞内 CDK1 催化活性,但 VMY-1-103 具有独特的能力,可严重破坏有丝分裂纺锤体,显著延迟中期并扰乱有丝分裂。我们的数据表明,VMY-1-103 具有独特的抗增殖能力,该化合物可能成为治疗髓母细胞瘤的新型候选药物的基础。