Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Physiotherapy, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, Australia.
J Strength Cond Res. 2011 Oct;25(10):2661-7. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318208ae3f.
To investigate the positional physical requirements necessary to be drafted into the National Football League (NFL), data from the annual NFL combine over the years 2005-2009 were examined. Only those players invited to the combine and subsequently drafted in the same year (n = 1,136) were included in the study. Data from 8 combine physical performance tests were examined for 15 positions. Combine measures evaluated for the center, cornerback, defensive end, defensive tackle, free safety, fullback, inside linebacker, offensive guard, offensive tackle, outside linebacker, quarterback, running back, strong safety, tight end, and wide receiver positions were the 9.1-, 18.3-, and 36.6-m sprints, the vertical and broad jumps, the 18.3-m shuttle run, the 3-cone drill, and the 102.1-kg bench press for maximum repetitions and, from this, a predicted measure of 1 repetition maximum. A 1-way analysis of variance detected differences in all 9 performance measures (p < 0.01). Post hoc independent t-tests indicated that over most tests many positions exhibited outcomes significantly different from most other positions. Generally, lineman positions performed inferiorly in sprint, jump and change-of-direction ability measures and superiorly in the upper body strength measures. Conversely, defensive back positions were the worst performers in the upper body strength test, and wide receivers and defensive backs were the best performers in all other measures. In general, offensive and defensive positions that commonly compete directly against one another display similar physical characteristics. Any advantages (statistically significant and not) between positions in direct competition were consistently in favor of defensive positions. The results of the present research present position-specific profiles for each of 15 positions. Coaches and practitioners will be able to use the findings of this research to better prepare athletes for entry into the NFL.
为了研究被选入国家橄榄球联盟（NFL）所需的位置体能要求，对 2005 年至 2009 年期间 NFL 联合试训的年度数据进行了检查。只有那些受邀参加联合试训并在同一年被选中（n = 1,136）的球员才被纳入研究。对 8 项联合体能测试的 15 个位置的数据进行了检查。中心、角卫、防守端锋、防守截锋、自由安全卫、全卫、内线卫、进攻截锋、进攻 tackle、外线卫、四分卫、跑卫、强卫、紧身锋和外接手位置的联合测试包括 9.1-、18.3-和 36.6 米冲刺、垂直跳和跳远、18.3 米折返跑、3 锥变向跑和 102.1 公斤卧推的最大重复次数，以及由此预测的 1 次重复最大次数。单向方差分析检测到所有 9 项表现指标均存在差异（p < 0.01）。事后独立 t 检验表明，在大多数测试中，许多位置的结果与大多数其他位置显著不同。一般来说，线卫在冲刺、跳跃和变向能力测试中的表现较差，而在上肢力量测试中的表现较好。相反，防守后卫在上肢力量测试中的表现最差，外接手和防守后卫在所有其他测试中的表现最好。一般来说，经常直接相互竞争的进攻和防守位置表现出相似的身体特征。在直接竞争的位置之间存在任何优势（统计上显著和不显著），都有利于防守位置。本研究的结果为 15 个位置中的每一个提供了特定位置的特征。教练和从业者将能够利用这项研究的结果，更好地为运动员准备进入 NFL。
