Tabrah Frank L
John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
Hawaii Med J. 2011 Jul;70(7):144-8.
With Koch's announcement in 1882 of his work with the tubercle bacillus, his famous postulates launched the rational world of infectious disease and an abrupt social change--strict patient isolation. The postulates, so successful at their inception, soon began to show some problems, particularly with cholera, which clearly violated some of Koch's requirements. Subsequent studies of other diseases and the discovery of entirely new ones have so altered and expanded the original postulates that they now are little but a precious touch of history. The present additions and replacements of the original concepts are skillful changes that several authors have devised to introduce new order into understanding complex viral and prion diseases. In 1988, this knowledge, with the totally rational response of the British population and its cattle industry, was critical in promptly blocking the threatened epidemic of human prion disease. In contrast, the recent upsurge of tuberculosis (TB) in the worldwide AIDS epidemic in developing countries, and the sudden increase in metabolic syndrome in wealthy ones, suggests the need for focused sociobiologic research seeking ways to affect the damaging lifestyle behavior of many less educated populations in both settings. The world awaits an equivalent of Koch's Postulates in sociobiology to explain and possibly avert large self-destructive behaviors.
1882年，随着科赫宣布其对结核杆菌的研究成果，他著名的法则开启了传染病的理性世界，并引发了一场社会巨变——对患者进行严格隔离。这些法则在创立之初非常成功，但很快就出现了一些问题，尤其是霍乱，它明显违背了科赫的某些要求。随后对其他疾病的研究以及全新疾病的发现，极大地改变和扩展了最初的法则，以至于它们如今几乎只是一段珍贵的历史印记。目前对原始概念的补充和替代是一些作者精心设计的巧妙改变，旨在为理解复杂的病毒和朊病毒疾病引入新的秩序。1988年，这一知识以及英国民众及其养牛业的完全理性反应，对于迅速阻止人类朊病毒疾病的潜在流行至关重要。相比之下，发展中国家在全球艾滋病疫情中结核病（TB）最近的激增，以及富裕国家代谢综合征的突然增加，表明需要开展有针对性的社会生物学研究，以寻求影响这两种情况下许多受教育程度较低人群有害生活方式行为的方法。全世界都在期待社会生物学中出现类似科赫法则的理论，以解释并可能避免大规模的自我毁灭行为。
