Belay Ermias D, Schonberger Lawrence B
Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
Annu Rev Public Health. 2005;26:191-212. doi: 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144536.
Several prion disease-related human health risks from an exogenous source can be identified in the United States, including the iatrogenic transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), the possible occurrence of variant CJD (vCJD), and potential zoonotic transmission of chronic wasting disease (CWD). Although cross-species transmission of prion diseases seems to be limited by an apparent "species barrier," the occurrence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and its transmission to humans indicate that animal prion diseases can pose a significant public health risk. Recent reports of secondary person-to-person spread of vCJD via blood products and detection of vCJD transmission in a patient heterozygous at codon 129 further illustrate the potential public health impacts of BSE.
在美国，可以确定几种源于外源的与朊病毒病相关的人类健康风险，包括克雅氏病（CJD）的医源性传播、变异型克雅氏病（vCJD）的可能发生，以及慢性消耗性疾病（CWD）的潜在人畜共患病传播。尽管朊病毒病的跨物种传播似乎受到明显的“物种屏障”限制，但牛海绵状脑病（BSE）的出现及其向人类的传播表明，动物朊病毒病会构成重大的公共卫生风险。最近关于vCJD通过血液制品在人与人之间二次传播的报道，以及在密码子129处杂合的患者中检测到vCJD传播，进一步说明了BSE对公共卫生的潜在影响。
