Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA.
Adv Child Dev Behav. 2011;40:301-36. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386491-8.00008-6.
Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is defined as intentionally causing bodily harm to oneself without the intent to kill oneself. Recently, there has been an increase in research aimed at understanding why individuals, especially youth and young adults, engage in NSSI. This chapter explores the emergence and maintenance of NSSI from a developmental perspective. Epidemiological research suggests that rates of NSSI increase dramatically from early adolescence to young adulthood. No study has investigated NSSI in youth younger than age 10. Current understanding of how emotion and cognitions as well as interpersonal processes play a role in the emergence and maintenance of NSSI is explored. Further, the role of biology (e.g., neurological underpinnings, genetic associations, HPA-axis functioning) on NSSI is explored. Throughout the chapter, particular limitations (e.g., sample selection, measurement issues) in the extant corpus of knowledge are highlighted. Finally, we consider future research directions that may inform developmentally sensitive understanding of the proximal and distal risk factors that may affect the emergence and maintenance of NSSI across the life span.
非自杀性自伤（NSSI）被定义为故意对自己造成身体伤害而没有自杀的意图。最近，越来越多的研究旨在了解为什么个人，特别是青少年和年轻人，会进行 NSSI。本章从发展的角度探讨了 NSSI 的出现和维持。流行病学研究表明，从青少年早期到成年早期，NSSI 的发生率急剧增加。目前还没有研究调查 10 岁以下的年轻人中的 NSSI。本文探讨了情绪和认知以及人际过程如何在 NSSI 的出现和维持中发挥作用。此外，还探讨了生物学（例如，神经基础、遗传关联、HPA 轴功能）在 NSSI 中的作用。在整篇文章中，突出了现有知识体系中的特定局限性（例如，样本选择、测量问题）。最后，我们考虑了未来的研究方向，这些方向可能会为理解影响整个生命周期 NSSI 出现和维持的近端和远端风险因素提供更具发展敏感性的认识。
