Kalenić Smilja, Budimir Ana, Bosnjak Zrinka, Acketa Lorena, Belina Drazen, Benko Ivan, Bosnjak Danica, Culo Marija, Jajić Ines, Kis Marina, Kos Karmela, Koscák Darko, Kuzman Ilija, Lekić Dusica, Prugovecki Danijela, Juraga Ana Tomić
Klinicki bolnicki centar Zagreb.
Lijec Vjesn. 2011 May-Jun;133(5-6):155-70.
Healthcare associated infections (HCAI) are huge problem all over the world, and 5-10% of all hospitalized patients will develop infection during hospitalization. From the times of I. P. Semelweiss we know that clean hands are the most important single factor that can decrease the number of HCAI. World Health Organization (WHO) has recognised this problem and developed Guidelines for hand hygiene in healthcare institutions. This also was the reason of developing Croatian national Guidelines. The main goal of the Guidelines was to decrease number of HCAI associated with the hands of healthcare workers. These Guidelines are meant for all healthcare workers and other hospital staff who come to the direct contact with patients. An interdisciplinary team of experts developed these Guidelines using WHO Guidelines, other existing guidelines and literature reviews for hand hygiene. Grades of evidence for specific recommendations were determined using CDC/HICPAC grading system. Categorization is based on existing data, theoretical basis, applicability and economic impact. After a broad discussion in different professional societies, Guidelines were accepted. Guidelines include recommendations for hand hygiene indications, hand hygiene technique, surgical hand preparation, choosing hand hygiene preparations, skin care, nails, glove use, patients and visitors hand hygiene, role of education, as well as role of healthcare institution and role of government. Furthermore, in the Guidelines the concept of "Five moments for hand hygiene" is explained in detail, and main literature data are presented.
医疗保健相关感染（HCAI）是全球面临的重大问题，所有住院患者中有5%-10%会在住院期间发生感染。从伊格纳兹·塞麦尔维斯时代起我们就知道，清洁双手是减少医疗保健相关感染数量的最重要单一因素。世界卫生组织（WHO）已经认识到这个问题，并制定了医疗机构手卫生指南。这也是克罗地亚制定国家指南的原因。这些指南的主要目标是减少与医护人员手部相关的医疗保健相关感染数量。这些指南适用于所有直接接触患者的医护人员和其他医院工作人员。一个跨学科专家团队依据WHO指南、其他现有指南以及手卫生文献综述制定了这些指南。使用美国疾病控制与预防中心/医疗保健感染控制实践咨询委员会（CDC/HICPAC）分级系统确定了具体建议的证据等级。分类基于现有数据、理论基础、适用性和经济影响。在不同专业协会进行广泛讨论后，这些指南被采纳。指南包括手卫生指征、手卫生技术、外科手消毒、手卫生用品选择、皮肤护理、指甲护理、手套使用、患者及访客手卫生、教育的作用以及医疗机构和政府的作用等方面的建议。此外，指南中详细解释了“手卫生的五个时刻”的概念，并列出了主要文献数据。
